（江苏专用）2020高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测（二十四）阅读理解D篇增分练（二）

专题限时检测(二十四)阅读理解D篇增分练(二)(共2篇，限时20分钟)ATheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferencetakesplacenextweekinPoland.About20,000peoplefrom190countriesareexpectedtotakepartintheconference.There,worldleaderswilldebatehowtolimitclimatechange—theweathereventslinkedtoslowlyrisingtemperaturesonEarth.Theywilldiscusswaystoreducecarbonemissions(排放物)andotherpollutionwhich,scientistssay,cangiverisetolong­termchangestoourplanet.Forenvironmentalists,oneareaofconcernisSouthAmerica'sAmazonrainforest.Brazilholdsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest.ItisalsothemostbiodiversecountryonEarth,withmorethan56,000speciesofplants,1,700speciesofbirds,695amphibians,578mammals,and651reptiles.StudieshaveshownthattheAmazontakesinasmuchas2billiontonsofcarbondioxideayearandreleasesabout20percentofEarth'soxygen.ScientistswonderwhethertherainforestwillbeprotectedunderBrazil'snextpresident,JairBolsonaro,whobegantotakeofficeonJanuary1,2019.Bolsonarohadsaidthathiscountryshouldwithdrawfromthe2015ParisAgreement.Undertheagreement,mostnationspromisedtoreducecarbonemissionsby37percentover2005levelsbytheyear2030.Thepresident­electclaimsamandate(授权)fromvoterstodeveloplandforagricultureandotherpurposes.HesaidthatBrazil'srainforestprotectionisstandinginthewayofeconomicsuccess.Scientistssaydeforestationisamajorreasonforclimatechange.Studieshavelinkedrisingtemperaturestothedestructionofforests.ScientistsworryaboutthefutureoftheAmazon.NewBraziliangovernmentrecordsshowthespeedofdeforestationhasincreasedoverthepastyear.CarlosNobre,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofSa～oPaulo,toldtheAssociatedPressthatitisalmostimpossibletosayjusthowimportanttherainforestistotheplanet'slivingsystems.SomescientistscalltheAmazon“thelungsoftheplanet”.Theylikenittohumanlungs.Eachtreetakesinandstorescarbondioxidefromtheairaroundit.Thetreesalsoreleasetheoxygenweneedtolive.TheAmazon,theworld'slargestrainforest,alsocreatesweather.Billionsoftreespullupwaterthroughtheirroots.Thenthetreesreleasewatervaporintotheair.Thevaporformsathickmist,madeupoftinydropsofwater.Thesewaterparticlesmoveupintothecloudsandlaterreturntoearthasrain.ScientistsestimatethattheAmazoncreates30to50percentofitsownrainfall.Duringtheelectioncampaign,BolsonaropromisedtoeaseprotectionforareasoftheBrazilianAmazonsetasidefornativepeoplesandwildlife.Hesaidthatindigenouslandsandnaturereservesrestricteconomicgrowth.“Allthesereservescauseproblemsfordevelopment，”hesaid.Thepresident­electalsotalkedabouttakingawaythepowerofBrazil'senvironmentalministrytoenforcelawsforprotectingtheenvironment.PauloArtaxoisaprofessorofenvironmentalphysicsattheUniversityofSa～oPaulo.HesaidthatifBolsonarokeepshiscampaignpromises,then“deforestationoftheAmazonwillprobablyincreasequickly—andtheeffectswillbefelteverywhereontheplanet”．However,senator­electLuizCarlosHeinze,notedthatfarmersarenotinvaders(侵略者),butproducers.Heblamedthepastadministrationsforsupportingnativerightsattheexpenseoffarmers.“Brazil，”hesaid，“willbethebiggestfarmingnationonEarthduringBolsonaro'syears.”ScientistswarnthatiftheAmazonandotherrainforestslosetoomanytrees,thiscouldaffectrainfallandglobalclimate.Nobreandothersestimatethatthe“tipping”point(引爆点)fortheAmazonsystemis20to25percentdeforestation.Withoutenoughtreestosupporttherainfall,thelongerandbiggerdryseasoncouldturnmorethanhalfoftherainforestintoatropicalgrassland.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，亚马孙热带雨林对整个地球的生态有着举足轻重的作用。其中，约60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西总统贾伊尔·波索那罗承诺为了发展本国经济将允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，对此很多人感到忧心忡忡。1．WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Itishometomorethan56,000speciesofplants.B．Itmakesupabout60%ofBrazil'srainforests.C．Itcreates30to50percentoftheworld'srainfall.D．Itsuppliesabout20percentoftheoxygentoEarth.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“StudieshaveshownthattheAmazontakesinasmuchas2billiontonsofcarbondioxideayearandreleasesabout20percentofEarth'soxygen.”可知，亚马孙热带雨林为地球供应大约20%的氧气。故选D。2.WhydoesBolsonarowanttowithdrawBrazilfromthe2015ParisAgreement?A．Becausehethinksitimpossibletoachieve.B．Becauseitisagainsthispromisestohisvoters.C．BecausehethinksitwillsacrificeBrazil'seconomy.D．BecauseitwillinfluenceBrazil'srainforestprotection.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的亚马孙热带雨林储存二氧化碳和释放氧气的重要作用和第三段中的“Bolsonarohassaidthathiscountryshouldwithdraw...HesaidthatBrazil'srainforestprotectionisstandinginthewayofeconomicsuccess.”可知，波索那罗想让巴西退出《巴黎协定》是因为这一协定要求巴西减少二氧化碳的排放，这就意味着巴西要保护好其境内的热带雨林，但波索那罗认为这种保护会阻碍巴西经济的发展。故选C。3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayCarlosNobreagreewith?A．Thesignificanceofrainforestsistobere­evaluated.B．Thevalueofrainforestscannotbeoveremphasized.C．It'sunwiseforBraziltoquitthe2015ParisAgreement.D．It'swrongtolinkrainforeststotheplanet'slivingsystems.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第五段中的“itisalmostimpossibletosayjusthowimportanttherainforestistotheplanet'slivingsystems”可知，CarlosNobre认为热带雨林对地球生命系统非常重要。故选B。4.WhatisLuizCarlosHeinze'sattitudetoBolsonaro'scampaignpromises?A．Doubtful.B．Critical.C．Favorable.D．Concerned.解析：选C观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“Heblamedthepastadministrationsforsupportingnativerightsattheexpenseoffarmers.‘Brazil，’hesaid,‘willbethebiggestfarmingnationonEarthduringBolsonaro'syears.’”可知，LuizCarlosHeinze责备先