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专题限时检测(二十七)任务型阅读(二)(限时24分钟)A(2019·苏州一模)PublicSpeakingPublicspeakingcanbedefinedastheactofmakingaspeechinfrontofagroupoflisteners.Comparedwithconversation,usuallypublicspeakingismoreofa“oneway”talking.Therearethreetypesofpublicspeaking.Aninformativespeechhasapurposetoinform,orgiveknowledgetoitsaudienceaboutsomethingthattheyprobablydidnotknowofbefore.Theimportantthingtowatchaboutisnottoputintoomuchinformation.Besides,thespeakerwouldtrytochangethemindset,perception,orbehavioroftheaudiencefortheirowngood.Thespeakerneedstolookforcommongroundwiththeaudienceandtrytorelatetowhattheymightagreeon.Third,andthelasttypeisaceremonialspeech.Ittendstobelessformalandmorepersonalthantheothertypesofspeeches.Nomatterhowwellyouknowthepersonyouaregivingspeechabout,trynottosaybadthingsaboutthem,evenifitismeanttobeajoke.Thekeyofperfectinganythingisthroughpractice,includingpublicspeaking.Asidefromit,aspeakeristoknowwhotheaudiencewillbe.Trytogetasmuchinformationaspossibleregardingthisparticulararea.Knowingthe“battlefield”inadvancewillgivethespeakersahugeadvantage.Theywouldbeabletoplanbeforehand,forexample,wheretheywanttostand,andhowtheyaregoingtofacetheaudience.Last,asismentionedabove,practiceisnecessary.Sparingsometimetopracticewillhelpbuildconfidenceandhelpdeterminehowlongthepresentationwilllast.Languageisthemainaspectaspeakerneedstopayattentiontowhilegivingaspeech.Itneedstobeusedclearly.Aspeakerneedstochoosetheirwordscarefullyandmakeitcleartotheaudiencewhattheymeanbyit.Often,whengivenaspeech,theaudienceslookuptothespeakertogivethemsomethingnewanduseful.Thus,thespeakerneedstoknowhowtodelivertheirspeechtofulfilltheaudiences'expectation.Languageanddeliveryalonewillnotbesufficientifthespeakerdoesnothavethebodylanguage.Themovementandgestureofaspeakeralsoaffecttheaudience.Forexample,ifthespeakerkeepspacingaroundtheroom,itwilldistracttheaudiencefromthetopicandconfusesthem.Whenspeakinginfrontofasmallaudience,youcanlookbrieflyfromonepersontoanother,butinalargeraudience,itisnotbettertodoso.Whileclosingthespeechorpresentation,speakerscanrestatetheirmainpoints,justtoremindtheaudienceoftheimportantthingsthathasbeensaid.Theycanalsoenditwithaspecialmessageandencouragetheaudiencetoaskquestions.PublicSpeakingCommonphenomenonInpublicspeaking,oftenaspeakergivesatalk,othersjustlistening,without(1)________information.Typesofpublicspeaking·Aninformativespeechisto(2)________theaudiencewithanappropriatebrandnewknowledge.·Apersuasivespeechisusedtoconvinceaudience.Therefore,finding(3)______betweenaspeakerandtheaudienceisimportant.·Aceremonialspeechisrelatively(4)________andprivate.However,don'tsaysadthingseveniftheyareacquaintances.Making(5)________forthespeech·Knowthelisteners'identitiesandgetmuchinformationaboutthetopic.·Knowhowthe“battlefield”is(6)______outinadvancetoplanbeforehand.·Sparetimetopracticetobuildconfidenceanddecidethe(7)__________ofthepresentation.Presentingthespeech·(8)________usingambiguouswordsandknowhowtomeettheaudiences'expectations.·Usethebodylanguage,(9)________glancingatsmallaudiencefromonepersontoanother.·Restateimportantpointswhenclosingthespeechtogivetheaudienceadeep(10)________．·Endaspeechwithaspecialmessageandencouragetheaudiencetoaskquestions.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了公共演讲的概念和种类，如何为演讲做准备以及演讲时的注意事项。1．exchanging/sharing/swapping根据第一段的第二句“Comparedwithconversation,usuallypublicspeakingismoreofa‘oneway’talking.”可知，在公开场合发表演说，大家只需要听，不需要发表任何意见。没有信息的交换。2．provide/equip根据第二段第二句“Aninformativespeechhasapurposetoinform,orgiveknowledgetoitsaudience...”可知，信息科普类讲座是为了给听众提供信息和知识。providesb.withsth.“向某人提供某物”。3．similarity/similarities根据第二段第四、五句“Besides...Thespeakerneedstolookforcommongroundwiththeaudienceandtrytorelatetowhattheymightagreeon.”可知，说服类演讲，演说者要找到和观众的共同立场，或者共同的利益点，才可以做出来。4．informal/casual根据第二段倒数第二、三句“Third...Ittendstobelessformalandmorepersonal...”可知，第三种类型的演讲正式程度会少很多，更私人化，也就是更随意些。5．preparations第三段讲一个完美的演讲需要练习，也需要了解受众和话题本身等，也就是做准备。Makepreparationfor...“为……做准备”。6．laid根据“battlefield”定位到第三段第四句“Knowingthe‘battlefield’inadvancewillgivethespeakersahugeadvantage.”可知，提前了解场地怎样布置可以帮助演说者做更多准备。layout“陈列，布置”。7．length/duration/time本题是第三段最后一句中“...andhelpdeterminehowlongthepresentationwilllast.”的信息转换，故将long转化成length。8．Avoid根据第四段第二句“Itneedstobeusedclearly.”可知，演讲要正确使用语言，即避免使用含糊不清的词语。Avoiddoing...“避免做某事”。注意句首大写。9．like根据最后一段倒数第四、五句“Themovementandgestureofaspeakeralsoaffecttheaudience.Forexample，...”可知，看着观众是体态语之一。10．impression重复阐述重点的目的是为了让听众留下更深刻的印象。B(2019·无锡一模)TimeforAmericanstoactonclimatechangeTheclimatecrisisisworseningataratethatisbecomingharderandhardertoignore.Formorethantwodecades,scientificreportshavemadeitclearthatglobalwarmingisreal,thathumanscauseitandthattheconsequenceswillbedisastrous.Thescientificcommunityhasbecomeincreasinglypanickedoverthepastyear.ThelatestassessmentfromtheU．N.IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangepaintedafarmoreterriblepicturethanitspreviousanalyses,andthelongawaitedNationalClimateAssessmentmadeclearthatclimatechangerepresentsaseverethreattohumanhealthaswellasoureconomicsecurity.Outofthispaniccamethetreaty(条约)reachedthispastweekendbywor