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Unit3BacktothepastA卷Ⅰ单项填空1．(2019·南通调研)Nowallofourconcentrationison________itisthattheglobalenvironmentwillreturntonormal.A．whichB．whatC．whereD．whenD解析：句意：现在我们的注意力都集中在地球环境何时回归到正常状态。空及空后是介词on的宾语从句，宾语从句又用的是强调句型。强调句型特殊疑问句的结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋不被强调的部分。由于题干中的强调句作宾语从句，应用陈述语序。从句中缺少时间状语，也就是缺少被强调的部分。故选D。2．(2019·淮安调研)ThethreetravelersfinallyreachedthehomeofBertha’smotherarounddusk,________65milesinlessthan12hours.A．coveringB．havingcoveredC．tocoverD．tohavecoveredB解析：考查现在分词完成时作状语。因为cover与threetravelers是主动关系，并且发生在谓语动词动作之前，故选B。3．(湖南卷)Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess________asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften________yearstoachieve.A．is；takesB．are；takesC．are；takeD．is；takeA解析：考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。4．(2019·涟水金城外国语学校检测)Theirsuddenattackmadeusmore________ofthedangeraroundus.A．familiarB．particularC．awareD．doubtfulC解析：awareof“意识到……的”。句意：他们的突然进攻使我们更加意识到我们周围的危险。5．Ihaven’treadallofhisbooksbefore,but________fromtheoneIhaveread,Ithinkhe’saverypromisingwriter.A．judgedB．judgingC．determiningD．determinedB解析：考查动词用法和词义辨析。judgingfrom...是固定短语，常在句中作状语。不管它与主语是主动还是被动关系，都要用现在分词形式。6．Everyboyandeverygirlaswellassometeacherswho________tovisitthemuseum________askedtobeatschoolgatebefore6：00inthemorning.A．have;areB．has;isC．is;areD．are;isD解析：该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句，句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers,为复数，故从句中谓语动词该用are;aswellas连接两个主语时，谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定；由every,no,each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故答案应选D。7．________in1995,theSeaLaunchgroupwasmadeupoffourcompaniesfromNorway,Russia,UkraineandtheUnitedStates.A．FoundedB．FoundingC．TofoundD．HavingfoundedA解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：SeaLaunch组织成立于1995年，是由来自挪威、俄罗斯、乌克兰和美国的四家公司组成的。这里是过去分词作状语，与主句的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系。故选A。8．Withthecouple________inanearbytown，thehouseseemsprettyemptymostofthetime.A．workB．toworkC．workingD．workedC解析：考查with复合结构。work和其逻辑主语thecouple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，(他们的)房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。9．—HowlongdidDavidworkhere?—Forhalfayear,hedidn’tleavemuch________onus.A．expressionB．instructionC．conclusionD．impressionD解析：考查名词辨析。句意：——大卫在这里工作了多久？——半年，他没有给我们留下太深的印象。leaveanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象。A表情；B指示，说明；C结论；D印象。故选D。10．Twomiddleagedpassengersfellintothesea.______，neitherofthemcouldswim.A．InfactB．LuckilyC．UnfortunatelyD．NaturallyC解析：infact常用来表示与上文不相符的某件事；luckily常用来表示一种好的结果；unfortunately常用来表示一种不好的结果；naturally表示一种理所当然的结果。根据语境，只有选项C正确。11．Thenewlylearntwordswillbeimpressedonusonlyiftheyare______usedineverydaycommunication.A．graduallyB．accuratelyC．familiarlyD．frequentlyD解析：句意：新学的单词会给我们留下深刻的印象，只要它们经常用在日常交流中。A．gradually逐渐地；B．accurately精确地，准确地；C．familiarly亲密地，精通地；D．frequently频繁地，经常。故选D。12．Sherefusedtofollowouradviceonthejob,________itwouldhaveagreateffectonhercareer.A．eventhoughB．asifC．nowthatD．incaseA解析：考查短语。A．eventhough虽然；B．asif好像；C．nowthat既然；D．incase万一。句意：她拒绝听从我们建议，虽然这会对她的事业有极大的影响，故选A。13．It’ssaidthathewill________hisuncle’sbusinesswhenheismature(成熟的)enoughtodealwithpublicrelations.A．takeoverB．thinkoverC．handoverD．gooverA解析：takeover“接管”；thinkover“反复考虑”；handover“移交”；goover“复习，温习”。句意：据说当他足够成熟能够处理公共关系时，他会接管他叔叔的企业。14．Therepresentativeswerediscussingthe11thfiveyearplanthattheywouldliketosee________thenextyear.A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryoutC解析：词组carryout和the11thfiveyearplan之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式表示被动。15．—Oh,thisisreallyanoldbuilding.—Doyouknowwhenit________？A．hasbuiltB．isbuiltC．wasbuiltD．willbebuiltC解析：考查一般过去时的被动形式。句意：——哦，这真的是一个古老的建筑。——你知道它是什么时候建的吗？wasbuilt是一般过去时的被动语态，表示过去被建，故选C。Ⅱ阅读理解ADeborahCohenisaseniornaturalscientistattheRandCorpandtheauthorofthebookABigFatCrisis:TheHiddenForcesBehindtheObesityEpidemicandHowWeCanEndIt.Accordingtothebook,therearelotsofmisunderstandingsofobesity.1．Ifyou’reobese,blameyourgenes.Obesityrateshaveincreased.Yet,between1980and2000,thenumberofAmericanswhoareobesehasdoubled—tooquicklyforgeneticfactorstoberesponsible.Atrestaurants,adollarputsmorecaloriesonourplatesthaneverbefore,becauserestaurantmealsusuallyhavemorecaloriesthanwhatweprepareathome,sopeoplewhoeatoutmorefrequentlyhavehigherratesofobesitythanthosewhoeatoutless.2．Ifyou’reobese,youlackselfcontrol.Researchshowsthatifwearefacedwithtoomuchinformation,wehaveatendencytomakepoordietarychoices.Ourworldhasbecomesorichintemptationthatwecanbeledtoconsumetoomuchinwayswecan’tunderstand.Eventhemostvigilant(警觉的)peoplemaynotbeuptothetaskofcontrollingthemselves.3．Lackofaccesstofreshfruitsandvegetablesisresponsibleforobesity.AlthoughtheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthatfewerthan5percentofAmericansliveinthe“fooddeserts”，about65percentofthenation’spopulationisoverweightorobese.Formostofus,obesityisnotrelatedtoaccesstomorefreshfruitsandvegetables,buttothechoiceswemakeinsupermarkets.4．Theproblemisnotthatweeattoomuch,butthatwedon’texercise.MichelleObama’s“Let’sMove”campaignisbasedontheideathatifkidsexercisemore,childhoodobesityrateswilldecrease.Buttherewasnosignificantdecreaseinphysicalactivitylevelsasobesityratesclimbedinthe1980sand1990s.Infact,althoughadropinworkrelatedphysicalactivitymayaccountforupto100fewercaloriesburned,leisurephysicalactivityappearstohaveincreased.Theproblemisthatweeat