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人教版英语高二选修8-Unit2-Language-points1.differvi.different,difference常见的结构有：differfrom...与……不同differin…在……方面不同differwithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人在某事上意见不同【点拨】a.用作“不同”解时，只接介词from。b.有不同意见，表示异议时接from与with均可。c.表示在某方面不同时，用介词in。【拓展延伸】differencen.差别differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom与……不同makea(no)difference有（没有）区分；有（没有）重要关系Itmakesnodifferencetosb.对……没关系【典型例题】ThoughtsofOriental(东方人)differmuch____westernersinanumberofways.A.betweenB.betweenthoseB.C.fromD.fromthoseof【答案】D考查differ的用法【点拨】此处应该用指代的词，结构和thoughtsof一样，但用those代替用适当的介词填空。(1)I’msorrytodiffer____you_______thematter.(2)Thecustomsherediffer____thoseofthesouth.(3)Thetwogirlsdiffer__language.(4)Therearemanydifferences________livinginthecityandlivinginthecountryside.fromon/overfrominbetween2.Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.undertakevt.观察示例:Theprocedureisdifficulttoundertake,ofcourse.当然,这个过程很难实施。Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.科学家从事这项实验。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。Thelawyerundertookanewcase.那个律师接了一个新的案子。undertake是及物动词,主要有两个义项:着手做,从事,进行;担任,承担,答应,同意。归纳拓展：完成下列句子。(1)Hewill__________________nextmonth(去旅行).(2)He____________________(承担一项新任务).undertooktasknewaaundertakejourney3.objectv.objectionn.观察示例:Ontheotherhand,Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面,多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。vi.不赞成,反对n.物品,目标[派生词]objectionn.不赞成,反对[常用搭配]objecttosth./doingsth.反对(做)某事objecttosb.反对某人objectthat…反对……have/take/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.对……表示反对raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth.对……提出异议归纳拓展：object作不及物动词时后接介词to或against;作及物动词时可接that引导的从句。objection是名词,常与have,take,feel等连用构成词组：haveobjectiontotakeobjectiontofeelobjectionto句型转换(1)Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?=Wouldyou________myopeningthewindow?objectto(2)takeobjectiontosmoking.=I________smoking.(3)“Butheistooyoung,”sheargued.=She________thathewastooyoung.objecttoobjected4.Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain.obtainvt.观察示例:Meanwhileyouwillobtainalotofinformation.同时你将获得大量的知识。Sheobtainedherdoctor’sdegreein1996.她1996年获得博士学位。Thebookscanbeobtainedfromthelibrary.这些书可以在图书馆里取得。Hisachievementobtainedhimgreatfame.他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。obtain指通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西。get指得到,所取得的东西不一定跟努力、意志有关。gain指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。obtain,get&gain将下列句子译成汉语。(1)Shehasobtainedadrivinglicence._________________________(2)HeobtainedentrancetoBeijingUniversity.____________________________她已经取得了驾驶执照。他获得了北京大学的入学资格。5.forbidvt.观察示例Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning.一些政府开始改革他们的法律体系,禁止对人类克隆的研究。[词义]vt.(tocommandsomeonenottodosomething)禁止,不准[反议词]allow允许,准许[常用搭配]forbidsth./doingsth.禁止(做)某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbidthat…禁止……allowsth./doingsth.允许(做)某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事[词语辩析]forbid,ban,prohibit这三个词都含“禁止”的意思,具体区别如下:(1)forbid是常用词,指“命令某人不做某事”,禁止,不准,不许。如：Thedoctorforbidshimtosmoke.医生禁止他吸烟。Smokingisforbiddenintheconcerthall.演奏厅内不准吸烟。(2)ban语气较重，指权威机机关“正式禁止”,(法律上)禁止,含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语,如:Banatomicandnuclearweapons!禁止原子武器和核武器!(3)prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令”,如:Thesoldierswereprohibitedfromleavingcampafterdark.天黑后士兵不准离开营房。[注意事项](1)forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语,而是跟动名词作宾语,但是可以跟不定式作宾语补足语(forbidsb.todosth.),类似的动词还有:allow,permit,advise等。(2)forbid后接that引导的从句时,从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可以省略。[原文再现]Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning.根据汉语提示完成句子。(1)He___________________(禁止员工吸烟)duringofficehours.(2)Manyparents_________________________________(禁止他们的孩子独自外出)atnight.(3)Marriage_____________(被禁止)duringcollegetimeinthepast.forbidsstafftosmokeforbidtheirchildrentogooutalonewasforbidden6.accumulatevt.…butothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证据。Heaccumulatedfortunebyhardwork.他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。Thepurposeofeducationisnotjustaccumulatinginformation.教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。vi.积聚Dustaccumulatedduringmyabsence.我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。归纳拓展：accumulate可作及物动词和不及物动词，表示:收集,聚集,堆积。另外accumulationn.积聚如:theaccumulationofknowledge知识的积聚[考例]Clinicalevidencebeganto_____,suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals.（湖北2011）A.operateB.strengthenC.approveD.accumulateD[点拨]选D。句意为：越来越多的临床证据表明，这些新药的用途比以往在动物身上做实验所预测到的更广泛。operate操作，运转；strengthen加强；approve批准，赞成。完成下列句子。(1)Hequickly______________________(积蓄了一大笔财富).(2)Cloudsbeganto___________________(在天空中聚集).largeinaccumulatedfortuneaccumulateskythe7.retirevi.观察示例:Heretiredattheageof65.他65岁退休。Hewillsoonretirefromthearmy.他不久将退役。Themenwentontalkingwhiletheladiesretired.男人们继续交谈,而女士们退到了客厅。Sheretiredearlythatnight.那天晚上她就寝得早。归纳拓展：retire作不及物动词时有两个义项:退役,退职;退出,退后,从餐厅回到客厅,就寝(较gotobed正式)。完成句子。(1)Heworkedasaguardafter___________________(退役).(2)Thetroops__________________(从战地退了回来).fieldn.战地thearmyfieldretiringfromretiredfromthe8.bother观察示例:vt.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.但是,她后来得了严重的肺病这个问题让科学家们感到烦恼。Don’tbotheryourselfaboutme.别为我担心。Doesthenoisebotheryoumuch?那噪音使你深感困扰吗？vi.—ShallIhelpyou?要我帮忙吗？—Don’tbother.I’lldoitmyself.不用麻烦,我会自己做。Don’tbothertocall.不用打电话来。bothern.Ifoun