英语主谓一致讲解

主谓一致什么是主谓一致？主谓一致：英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致(必考)2）意义一致；3）就近一致。（必考）语法一致原则的重点：不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。Toservethecountryisourduty.Howandwhyheleftwasasadstory.47.Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon_____manyproblems.a.involveb.involvesc.involvingd.toinvolve以“and”或“both…and”连接的并列主语1.通常作复数用。Plasticsandrubberneverrot.塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。BothTomandIarefondofmedicine.我和汤姆都喜欢医学。2.如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。Theworkerandwriterhascome.这位工人作家来了。Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.远处能看见有一套马车。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.真诚是最好的策略。28.Whiskyandsoda______hisfavoritedrink.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen29.______istoattendourevening.a.boththesingerandthedancerb.Eitherthesingerordancersc.Thesingerordancersd.Thesingeranddancer41.Earlytobedandearlytorise______amanhealthy,happyandwise.a.makingb.tomakec.maked.makes3.“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every,manya,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysequalrightshere.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。Noteacherandnostudentisexcusedfromtakingpartintheactivity.没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。2.Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.a.hasb.havec.hadd.ishaving44.Everyman,womanandchild______somehistory,enoughatleast,tosurviveintheworld.a.knowsb.knowc.isknownd.areknown主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时manya+单名接单数谓语：Manyafinemanhasdiedforit.许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。16.Manyastudent______theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.a.haverealizedb.hasrealizedc.havebeenrealizedd.hasbeenrealizedagood(great)many+复名接复数谓语。Agreatmanyparentswerepresentatthemeeting.许多家长出席了会议。morethanone+单名大多接单数谓语。Morethanonepersonwas(were)absent.不止一个人缺席。15.Morethanoneworker______dismissed.a.havebeenb.arec.hasbeend.hasmore+复名+thanone接复数谓语。Morestudentsthanonehavebeenthere.不止一个学生去过那儿。morethantwo(three,…)+复名接复数谓语。Morethanonehundredstudentshaveattendedtheconcert.不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/meter/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。Thereisonlyasmallquantityofpaper(books)left.只剩下少量的纸（书）了。Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.需要大量的水。Thiskindofappleissweet.这种苹果甜。Thiskindofapplesis(are)sweet.（大多依kind，作单数用）Thesekindsofapple(s)aresweet.（总作复数用）Applesofthiskindaresweet.（总作复数用）主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,but,besides,except,addedto,including,like,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan”等。Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。55.Airpollution,togetherwithoverpopulation,_______manyproblemsinbigcitiestoday.(06)A.arecausingB.iscausingC.arecausedD.iscaused31.Nooneexcepttwostudents______themeeting.a.hasbeenlateforb.havebeenlateforc.waslateford.werelaterfor32.Allbuthimandme______totheexhibition.a.amgoingb.isgoingc.aregoingd.wasgoing33.Interest,aswellasprospects,______importantwhenonelooksforajob.a.areb.werec.isd.was定语从句中的主谓一致问题oneof+复数名词+定语从句：1.定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthathaveappearedthisyear.这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）Hewasoneoftheboyswhowerepraised.他是受表扬的男孩之一。2.若“one”前加“this,the,theonly”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraised.他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who代theonlyone)21.Maryisoneofthebrighteststudentswho___fromNewYorkUniversity.(07)A.graduatedB.havegraduatedC.hadgraduatedD.hasgraduated25.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.a.isb.amc.ared.was26.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.a.isgoingb.aregoingc.hasbeengoingd.havebeengoing意义一致原则有些名词指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数。这些名词包括：Army;audienceClass;club;company;committee;couplecrew;crowdfamilygovernment;grouppartypublicpopulationstaffteamunionOurfamilyisahappyone.我们有个幸福的家庭。Thefamilyareearlyrisers.这家人都起得早。Thepublicare(is)requestednottolitter.请公众不要乱扔废弃物。30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.a.hadb.hasbeenhavingc.arehavingd.werehaving19.Thecommittee______overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.a.hasarguedb.hasbeenarguingc.havearguedd.havebeenarguing20.Thepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.a.isb.wasc.ared.hasbeen有些名词以s结尾，看似名词复数，实际上是一个单数名词：News;works某些疾病：diabetes;mumps;rickets;measles;rabies;shingles某些游戏：billiards;bowls;darts;表示学科的词：acoustics;athletics;economics;electronics;genetics;linguistics;logistics;mathematics;physics;politics;statistics;thermodynamics23.Measles______akindofinfectiousillness.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen22.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.a.isb.arec.wasd.hasbeen42.Mathematics______thelanguageofscience.a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen其他以-s结尾的名词:英语中有一些由两个部分构成的物体名称，通常是由-s结尾，如scissors（剪子）、pincers（钳子）、glasses（眼镜）、shorts（短裤）、trousers（裤子）、suspenders（吊裤带）等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”之类的单位词而单独出现，通常作复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数。例如：Yourtrousersaretorn．You'dbetterchangethem．你的裤子破了，最好换一条。Onepairoftrousersisnotenough．一条裤子是不够的。Herearesomenewpairsoftrousers．这儿有几条新裤子。英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如archives（档案），arms（武器），clothes（衣服），contents（内容），eaves（屋檐），fireworks（烟火），goods（货物），minutes（记录），morals（道德，品行），remains（遗体），stairs（楼梯），suburbs（郊区），thanks（谢意），wages（工资）等，通