归化与异化

Domestication&Foreignization华东师范大学ScarlettPresenterQ:cameupwiththe“domesticatingmethodandforeignizingmethod”intranslation；termedthesemethodsanddevelopedthemintotheory.A.Schleiermacher（施莱尔马赫）（1768-1834）B.LawrenceVenuti（劳伦斯·韦努蒂）（1953-）C.EugeneA.Nida（尤金.A.奈达）（1914-2011）AB施莱尔马赫认为，要帮助译作的读者在不脱离译入语的情况下正确而完整的看懂原作，可以采取两种途径：一种是“尽可能不打扰读者的安宁，让作者去靠近读者”,这就是韦努蒂所指的归化；另一种是“尽可能地不打扰原作者的安宁，让读者去接近作者”,这就是韦努蒂所指的异化。ConceptPresenterApplicationSummaryDefinitionPresenterApplicationSummaryDefinitionPresenterSchleiermacherGermanphilosopherLecture1813Differentmethodsoftranslation•thetranslatorleavesthereaderinpeaceand•movestheauthortowardsthereaderdomesticatingmethod•leavestheauthorinpeace•movesthereadertowardstheauthorforeignizingmethodPresenterLifeWorksTheoryLawrenceVenutiTranslationtheorist(1953-)•ItalianAmerican•TempleUniversity,ColumbiaUniversity•Translator,teacher•TheTranslator'sInvisibility:AHistoryofTranslation(1995)•TheScandalsofTranslation:TowardsanEthicsofDifference(1998)•Foreignization•DomesticationPresenterApplicationSummaryDefinitionDefinitionDomestication：Atransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextfortargetlanguagereaders.(TL-oriented).归化指在翻译中采用透明、流畅的风格，最大限度地淡化原文的陌生感的翻译策略,它尽可能的使源语文本所反映的世界接近目的语文化读者的世界，从而达到源语文化与目的语文化之间的“文化对等”。所以，又被后来的研究者称为“译者的隐身”（thetranslator’sinvisibility)。DomesticationAdvantages：smoothnesseasilyacceptablebyTLreadersDisadvantages：losingoriginalimagebringingobstacleofculturalcommunicationDefinitionForeignization：Atargettextisproducedwhichdeliberatelybreakstargetconventionsbyretainingsomethingoftheforeignnessoftheoriginal.异化指偏离本土主流价值观，保留原文的语言和文化差异；或指在一定程度上保留原文的异域性，故意打破目标语言常规的翻译。它主张在译文中保留源语文化，丰富目的语文化和目的语的语言表达方式。所以，又被称为“译者的彰显/显身”（thetranslator’svisibility)。ForeignizationAdvantages:retainingtheoriginalimageenrichingtheTLpromotingtheculturalcommunicationDisadvantages:non-smoothnesseasilyresistedorboycottedbytheTLreadersInthecontemporaryinternationaltranslationfield,EugeneNidaisregardedastherepresentativeofthosewhofavourdomesticatingtranslation,whereastheItalianscholarLawrenceVenutiisregardedtobethespokesmanforthosewhofavourforeignizingtranslation,whohasalsoledthedebatetoawhite-hotstate.MoreinformationMoreinformationDomesticationForeignizationWesternrepresentativesNidaVenutiChineserepresentativesQianZhongshuYanFuZhuShenghaoLuXunPresenterApplicationSummaryDefinitionDomesticationFilmsubtitletranslationJennyandmewerejustlikepeasandcarrots.我和珍妮像豌豆和胡萝卜一样。我和珍妮形影不离。Application--subtitleApplication--subtitleMaria:Ithinkitmeansyouwon’tbetreatedlikeaboy.(TheSoundofMusic)我认为这意味着你不再像男孩一样被对待。我想这是说人们不再把你当小孩子看。《非诚勿扰》Application--subtitle钱包gold-digger魂飞魄散blowmeawaywithyourbeauty三无threestrikesApplication--subtitleForeignizationbrandscolorsadsApplication--ads1.新北京，新奥运。（Beijing’sbidfor29thOlympics）NewBeijing,GreatOlympic.（金惠康，2004)2.为你未来，做好现在。（中银集团）Strivingtodayforallyourtomorrows.（李克兴，2004）3.醉在贵州。(Famousliquor&tourismfestivalinGuizhou)IntoxicatedinGuizhou.4.福娃FuWa(Friendlies→Friendless)Application--brands•KFC肯德基•Carrefour家乐福•WalMart沃尔玛•Motorola摩托罗拉•Casio卡西欧•Sony索尼•Nikon尼康Application--colors怡红公子。《红楼梦》DavidHawkes：GreenBoyTL-oriented杨宪益夫妇：TheHappyRedPrinceSL-orientedTherewasnoquestionoftherepublicansthrowinginthetowelorshowingthewhiteflag.毫无疑问共和党人会投降。毫无疑问共和党人会扔掉毛巾，竖起白旗。ExercisesDoublehappinessWowoHongqiPresenterApplicationSummaryDefinitionSummaryDomesticatingtranslationiseasierforthereaderstounderstandandaccept.However,thenaturalnessandsmoothnessoftheTTareoftenachievedattheexpenseoftheculturalandstylisticmessagesoftheST.ForeignizingtranslationpreservestheSTformalfeaturesandinturninformsthereadersoftheSL-culture,butalienculturalimagesandlinguisticfeaturesmaycausetheinformationoverloadtothereader.Inaword,bothdomesticationandforeignizationentaillosses,aslossesareinevitableinthetranslationprocess.It’shardtosaywhichstrategyisbetter,iftheconditionunderwhichatranslationisdoneisnottakenintoaccount.SummaryThankyou!