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绵阳专版语法专题（十）非谓语动词【中考考点】(1)动词不定式的用法。(2)动名词的用法。(3)现在分词和过去分词的用法。不定式有两种,即带to的不定式(to+动词原形)和不带to的不定式。考点一动词不定式【注意】动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,其否定结构为“nottodosth.”。1.作主语[常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。]常用句型结构:It's+adj./n.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。2.作宾语(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,refuse,learn,remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。Ihopetherebeforedark.我希望天黑之前到那儿。(2)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而将不定式后置,构成“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。toget3.作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,wouldlike,encourage等。TheteachertoldusExercise1.老师告诉我们做练习一。(2)使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但是,当上述动词变为被动语态时,作补语的不定式必须补上to。Weoftenhearhersing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态:Sheisoftenheardtosing.todo4.作状语动词不定式在句中常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。Mr.LeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生将去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)5.作定语动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。Ihadtofindaplacetolivein.我不得不找一个住的地方。6.作表语Theirdutyistheanimals.他们的职责是照看动物。tolookafter/takecareof7.“疑问词+不定式”结构动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。Hedoesn'tknowtoattendthewedding..他不知道要穿什么去参加婚礼。(作宾语)whattowea考点二动名词动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成,但有不规则形式。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。1.作主语动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。2.作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）有enjoy,finish,consider,miss,keep,mind,practise,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,can‘thelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,can’tstop,keep/stop/prevent…from,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun等。Haveyoufinishedthebook?你读完这本书了吗?reading4.作定语表示所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。Ioftengotothe.我经常去阅览室。readingroom3.作表语Thenurse'sjobisthepatients.护士的工作是照顾病人。lookingafter/takingcareof【注意】有些动词(短语)后既可接不定式又可接动名词,但表达的意义不同。(1)stoptodosth.停下来去做另外一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事(2)trytodosth.试图/企图做某事;尽力做某事trydoingsth.尝试着做某事(3)forgettodosth.忘记要做某事(还没做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)(4)remembertodosth.记着要做某事(还没做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)(5)goontodosth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事goondoingsth.继续做原来所做的事(6)sth.need(s)doing某事需要做(被动含义)needtodosth.需要去做某事(主动含义)(7)regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做)考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.-ing)有主动或进行之意;过去分词(v.-ed)有被动或完成之意。1.作定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗?IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2.作表语Thebookisinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。3.作宾语补足语Isawhergoingupstairs.我看见她正在上楼。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍几张照片。4.作状语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。5.现在分词与过去分词的区别theflyingkite飞着的风筝themovedpeople被感动的人们(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。theboilingwater正在沸腾的水theboiledwater白开水6.易混结构(1)在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。ItriedtospeakmoreclearlysothatIcouldmakemyselfunderstood.我尽量说清楚些,以便让别人明白我。(2)havesth.done意为“让某人做某事”,相当于asksb.todosth.,done表示让他人完成,有被动之意。Ihadmycomputerrepairedyesterday.昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。考点过关训练用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.We'lldowhatwecan(help)thesickman.2.InsomeAfricancountries,childrenaremade(do)heavywork.3.Pleasestop(smoke).It'sbadforyourhealth.4.—Whydidhisfatherbuythatphonewatchforhim?—BecausetheGPSinthewatchcanhelphimtoavoid(lose)theway.5.Shedidn'tknowwhichsweater(choose).6.It'sdangerousforpeople(answer)theirphoneswhiledrivingacar.7.(spread)Chineseculture,manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear.8.Parentsshouldtelltheirchildren(noteat)unhealthyfood.tohelptodosmokinglosingtochoosetoanswerTospreadnottoeat考点过关训练9.Asweallknow,it'simpolitetokeepothers(wait)foralongtime.10.Mycomputerdoesn'twork.Imusthaveit(repair).11.I'dlikeyou(share)yourideasaboutpollution.12.Manyteenagerswouldrather(stay)athomealonethangooutwiththeirparentsatweekends.13.Manycountriesintheworldarelookingforwardto(trade)withChina.14.Sheraisedhervoicetomakeherself(hear).15.MyfavoriteTVprogramisReaders.Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan(read)inoursparetime.waitingrepairedtosharestaytradingheardreading