搜索
语法专题八定语从句考点二-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2019·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.which先行词是thepetshop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做动词opened的宾语,所以填which。2.(2019·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.who先行词是指人的名词masters,关系词在限制性定语从句中做主语,所以填who。考点二-3-高考感悟考点归纳3.(2018·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.that/which先行词是astudy,关系词在限制性定语从句中做主语,故填that/which。4.(2017·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.which题空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做主语,故填which。考点二-4-高考感悟考点归纳5.(2016·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,livedfromroughly551B.C.to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.who根据对逗号前后内容的分析可以看出空格处所在句子为非限制性定语从句,其先行词Confucius指人,故用who引导该定语从句并做从句的主语。考点二-5-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六考点一关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Doyouknowtheboy(whom)wemetatthegate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?考点二-6-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Sheisthewriter(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.她就是那位我非常想见的作家。Amongthemanydangers(which/that)sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.在海员们必须要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。考点二-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe+名词”。Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。Thehousewhosewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.=Thehouseofwhichthewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.那些窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。考点二-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六6.as既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,thesame,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.(as做workout的宾语)这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。注意so/such...that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscouldworkitout.(workout已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)考点二-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。考点二-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,month等,常用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。Iamlookingforwardtothedaywhen/onwhichmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。考点二-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六8.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。Thehousewhere/inwhichhelivesisneartheriver.他住的房子在河边。注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere/inwhichtheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。考点二-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六9.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用forwhich来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。Tellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoucamelate.告诉我你来晚了的原因。注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。考点二-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六考点二必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.这是我最不想参观的地方。考点二-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的一部小说。4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。ThisisthethirddictionarythatIhaveused.这是我用过的第三本字典。5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwewereinterestedin.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingunderthetree?站在树下的那个人是谁?考点二-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六注意在例句“QingdaoisthemostbeautifulcitywhereIhaveeverworked.”中,即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中的work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词。前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。考点二-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六考点三不能用关系代词that的情况1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whom。ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.这就是我们去北京乘的那列火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.上周我从图书馆里借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。考点二-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不用that。Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?有谁能回答这个问题?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。What’sthatwhichsheislookingat?她正在看什么?考点二-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六考点四as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.位置不同。which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。Itisatrulydelightfulplace,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavebeen100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。Mike,asyouknow,isanhonestman./Mikeisanhonestman,asy