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语法专题七非谓语动词考点二-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2019·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregatingaroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusionthatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.noting所填的词位于介词by后面做宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。2.(2019·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.saying句中的谓语动词是got,所以say应该用非谓语动词形式,say和call有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式。考点二-3-高考感悟考点归纳3.(2019·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.toperform分析句子结构可知,本题是“be+形容词+todo”结构,所以填toperform。4.(2018·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.tosee分析句子成分可知,所填的词是非谓语动词形式,做目的状语,故用动词不定式。5.(2018·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.dyingof是介词,后接动词时要用-ing形式。考点二-4-高考感悟考点归纳6.(2018·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.toimprove句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。此处是不定式做目的状语,故填toimprove。7.(2018·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel___________(challenge).challengedfeel为系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,故填challenged。8.(2017·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.laying根据前面的digging和后面的building可知,这里用laying与之保持一致,做谓语动词included的宾语。考点二-5-高考感悟考点归纳9.(2017·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term(rest).restingspend...(in)doingsth.“花费……做某事”,为固定搭配。10.(2017·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.toprovewanttodosth.“想要做某事”,为固定短语,故用toprove。11.(2016·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely(bring)yourworkhome.tobring根据句式sb.belesslikelytodosth.“某人不太可能做某事”可知此处要用不定式。考点二-6-高考感悟考点归纳12.(2016·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.tocreate分析句子结构可知此处应用动词不定式做目的状语。13.(2016·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.using逗号前面是一个完整的句子且中间没有连词,因此该空格应该用非谓语动词做状语。句子的主语people与use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式using做方式状语。考点二-7-高考感悟考点归纳14.(2016·四川,语篇填空)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething(eat)!toeat此处考查不定代词后跟动词不定式做后置定语。somethingtoeat“吃的东西”。15.(2014·课标全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.toreduce这里是句式Ittakes+sometime+todosth.“做某事花费多长时间”。故用toreduce。考点二-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八考点一非谓语动词的形式类别基本形式一般式进行式完成式不定式todo;tobedonetobedoingtohavedone;tohavebeendone动词-ing形式doing;beingdonehavingdone;havingbeendone过去分词done考点二-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized.这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。考点二-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八考点二非谓语动词的时态和语态1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。Theyworkeddayandnight,sendingsuppliestothefloodareas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于work来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用havingsent)考点二-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八HavingspentthepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitinglong.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(问题要被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。考点二-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八2.beingdone所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Beingexposedtothesunforsolongwilldoharmtoourskin.暴露在阳光下很长时间会对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。Theteachercamein,followingourmonitor.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。考点二-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八考点三非谓语动词做宾语情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接动词-ing形式做宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,considercan’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto考点二-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八情况常用动词意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)need,want,require,deserve(接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义不同stoptodo(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stopdoing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)goontodo(接着做另外一件事)goondoing(接着做同一件事)trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力)trydoing(试着去做,看有何结果)meantodo(打算做,企图做)meandoing(意思是,意味着)考点二-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,shewentontothankallthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,她接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。It’snousearguingwithhim.与他争吵没有用。Ithinkiteasytohavedonesomuchinonlyoneday.我认为仅在一天之内做这么多很容易。考点二-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八考点四非谓语动词做状语1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进