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Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld-2-(主题语境:人与自然——自然生态)1.existv.存在;生存;生活[经典例句]Aftermanyyears’researchscientistshavefoundsomeevidencethatwaterseemedtoexistonMars.经过许多年的研究科学家们已经找到了一些火星上好像有水的证据。-3-语境巧练单句语法填空①Hisfailureexistshismisunderstandingofthesituation.②IcanhardlyexistthewageI’mgetting;thereisnomoneyforluxuries.③(2019·浙江卷)Scientistsaretryingtheirbesttosavethespeciesfromgoingoutof(exist).④(2019·北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustand(exist)relationships.完成句子⑤关于如何培养学生信心有许多不同的观点。onhowtodevelopstudents’confidence.inonexistenceexistingThereexistmanydifferentopinions-4-考点必记(1)existin/on存在于;在于……existon=liveon靠……生存Thereexist(s)有……(2)existencen.存在;实在;生活;生活方式comeintoexistence出现;产生inexistence现存的;现有的gooutofexistence不复存在;消亡;绝迹(3)existingadj.现存的;现行的点津exist是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态和进行时。写作佳句Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingprobleminmaths.有一个好方法来解决数学中的这个现存问题。-5-2.claimv.声称;主张;要求;索赔;夺去(生命);认领n.断言;权利;索赔;所有权[教材原句]Althoughnoonereallygotaclearlookatthemysteriouscreature,XueJunlin,alocalphotographer,claimedthatitsheadlookedlikeahorse.(P52)尽管没有人看清楚过这神秘怪物的真面目,但当地一位摄影师薛俊林声称:怪物的头看起来像马的头。-6-语境巧练写出下列各句中claim的汉语意思①Somescientistsclaimedthatvitaminswillimproveyourchild’sIQscore.②Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneydiscoveredinthelibrary.③Theyputinaclaimontheinsuranceforthestolenluggage.④Thevolcanoeruptionhasclaimedscoresofpeople’slives.⑤Everycitizeninademocraticcountrymayclaimtheprotectionofthelaw.声称认领索赔夺去(生命)要求-7-考点必记(1)claimtodosth/that声称/主张……claimtohavedonesth声称做过某事Itisclaimedthat据说……(2)makeaclaimforsth提出要求得到……makeaclaimthat声称写作佳句Itisclaimedthathumornotonlyaffectspatients’moodsbutalsohelpsthemrecoverfaster.据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪而且还有助于病人快速康复。-8-3.动词不定式的形式变化[教材原句]Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblackcreaturemovingquicklythroughthewater.(P52)他声称看见一个圆圆的、黑黑的动物在水中快速游动。语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空①Withanembarrassedlookonhisface,heseems(forget)myname.②Tompretended(tie)hisshoelacewhenIlookedaround.③Scientistsclaimed(find)anewalternativeenergytogasintenyears.tohaveforgottentobetyingtofind-9-考点必记动词不定式的形式变化:(1)不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前:tohavedone/tohavebeendone(2)不定式动作与谓语动词同时发生,并且动作正在进行:tobedoing(3)不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后:todo/tobedone点津只有todo/tobedone可在句中做状语或定语,其他变化形式只能做主语、宾语、表语或用在惯用句式中。-10-4.calmadj.平静的;镇静的vt.&vi.使平静;镇定下来;平静下来[教材原句]MrLiXiaohesaidthatheandhisfamilywereabletoseethemonsterclearlybecausetheweatherwasfineandthelakewascalm.(P52)李晓河先生说他和家人看清楚了怪物,因为当时天气好,湖面平静。-11-语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空①Itwasherturntogetonthestage,soshetriedtocalm(her).②Hestayed(calm)andcomfortedothersalthoughheknewhewasalsoindanger.选词填空calm/quiet/still/silent③Hearingsuchwords,itishardforaChinesetostay.④Inclass,itisbadmannerstokeepabouttheteacher’squestions.⑤TrytositwhenIamtakingphotos.⑥Theschoolbecomeswhenallthestudentsgobackhome.herselfcalmcalmsilentstillquiet-12-考点必记(1)calmoneself使自己平静下来calmdown(使)平静,镇静(2)stay/keep/remaincalm保持镇静辨析calm/quiet/still/silentcalm平静的、镇静的,指无风浪或人的心境镇定自若。quiet宁静的、安静的,指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。still静止的、不动的,指没有运动或动作的状态。silent寂静的、沉默的、不发音的,指没有声音或不讲话。写作佳句Mymotherdidn’ttalktomeuntilIcalmeddownandstoppedcrying.妈妈直到我冷静下来并停止哭泣时才和我说话。-13-5.adaptv.(使)适应;(使)适合;改编[高考佳句](2017·江苏卷)Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.人类将继续以平常又令人惊讶的方式去适应不断改变的气候。-14-语境巧练单句语法填空①Afterenteringhighschool,Ihadtoadapted(I)todependingonmyown.②Asweallknow,thefilmRedSorghumwasadaptedthenovelwrittenbyMoYan.③MrWhitelivedinLosAngelesforyears,butrecentlyhehasalreadyadaptedto(live)inChina.④Thesebedsarespeciallyadaptedtallstudents.⑤(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Themostlikedchildrenaremorelikelytobe(adapt).单句改错⑥Ihaveadaptedforworkinginacoldenvironment.myselffromlivingforadaptablefor→to-15-考点必记(1)adaptfrom根据……改写adapt...for...为……改编;改造……以供……之用adaptoneselfto使自己适应或习惯于某事adaptto适应(to为介词)(2)adaptableadj.能适应的;可修改的adaptiveadj.适应的adaptationn.适应;改编;改写本写作佳句Ihopeyouwillgivemesomeadviceonhowtoadapttocollegelife.我希望你能就如何适应大学生活给我提些建议。-16-6.dieout灭绝;(习俗习惯等)消失[教材原句]Perhapstoomuchfightingcausedthedinosaurstodieout.(P56)或许,太多的争斗导致了恐龙的灭绝。语境巧练单句语法填空①Manylanguagesaredyingforlackofspeakers.②Thekidsstoodstillwatchingtheirparentsuntiltheirfiguresdiedinthedistance.③Althoughthewindhasdied,therainremainssteady,soyoustillneedaraincoat.④Thereasonisstillnotclearwhythefishintheriveraredyingthesedays.⑤Allthechildrenaredyingapleasantholiday.outawaydownofffor-17-完成句子⑥随着生存环境变得越来越糟,地球上的很多物种正在绝迹。Withthelivingenvironmentgettingworseandworse,.manyspeciesontheeartharedyingout-18-考点必记(1)dieaway减弱(以至察觉不到);淡化diedown逐渐减弱,降低,察觉不到dieoff相继死去diefrom死于(负伤、衰弱等)dieof因(疾病、饥饿、悲伤等)而死(2)bedyingfor很想要;渴望bedyingtodosth极想做某事写作佳句ShanghaiisanewworldtomeandIamdyingtoexploreandfindoutmoreaboutit.上海对我来说是一个新的世界,我特别想更多地探寻和了解一下它的情况。-19-7.dueto由于;因……造成;归功于;应归于[教材原句]Someexpertsbelieveitisduetotheanimalsthemythsgrewoutof.(P59)一些专家认为这是由这些神话产生的动物造成的。语境巧练写出下列句中dueto的含义①Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.②Hismistakewasduetoyouthandinexperience.③Ireceivednothingexceptwhatwasduetome.④TherocketisduetoliftoffatnoononFriday.⑤Anymoneythatisduetoyouwillbepaidbeforetheendofthemonth.归功于因……造成应归于预计欠-20-单句语法填空⑥You’lllikelyspendmoreofyourvacationtimestandinginlineduetherushoftour