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Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries-2-(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)1.measurev.测定;测量;评估n.尺寸;大小;措施[高考佳句](2018·江苏卷)Manyyoungstersnowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.现在,许多年轻人经常通过在网络上得到的支持度,也就是“点赞”来评价他们的地位。-3-语境巧练单句语法填空①Only(measure)throughacademicachievements,students’goodqualitieswillgetlimited.②Theriver(measure)about10metresindepth,soitissafeenoughforshipstotravelalong.③TheNationalStadium(measure)258,000squaremetresinarealooksverymagnificent.④Johnisnowoverweightandallhisclotheshavetobemadehisownmeasure.⑤Aftertakingprecise(measure),theworkerputthedataintothecomputerandprintedtheproductionthrougha3Dprinter.measuredmeasuresmeasuringtomeasurements-4-考点必记(1)makesthtosb’smeasure照某人的尺寸做某物takemeasurestodosth采取措施做某事inlarge/somemeasure在很大/某种程度上(2)measurementn.测量,衡量;尺寸takemeasurements测量经典例句(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.这种智能键盘会准确地测量一个人打字的节奏和手指施加在每个按键上的压力。-5-2.while用作并列连词[教材原句]TheUKisinthethirteenthposition,whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.(P12)英国处于第十三的位置,而中国则在名单的中间。语境巧练写出下列各句中while的汉语意思和作用①(2019·北京卷)Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershavetosharevehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.②(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.③(2019·天津卷)MyhusbandanswereditwhileIwasonthephoneinthediningroom.然而;并列连词,构成并列句虽然……;从属连词,引导让步状语从句当……时候;从属连词,引导时间状语从句-6-用所给词的适当形式填空④(2019·北京卷)While(have)dinner,Itoldmyparentswhatwehaddoneonthefarm.having-7-考点必记(1)while可做并列连词用,构成并列句,一般置于两个分句之间,表示前后两种情况的对比,意为“然而”。(2)while作为从属连词的用法:①while引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候;和……同时”,此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。while引导从句时,如主句和从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟动词-ing形式、名词、形容词或介词短语。②表示让步,通常位于句首,意为“尽管;虽然”。③表示条件,意为“只要”,其意思和用法相当于aslongas。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。-8-3.upto直到;达到;忙于;胜任;由……决定[教材原句]makesurethatallchildrenhaveeducationuptotheageof11(P12)确保所有的孩子们到11岁时都能受到教育语境巧练写出下列各句中upto的汉语意思①(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.②It’suptoyoutodecidewhethertotakeupphysicsorchemistry.③Alltakenintoaccount,heisquiteuptothejobyouofferedhim.④WhatisTomupto?He’sseldomturnedinhisassignmentsthesedays.多达由……决定胜任忙于-9-考点必记beupto...打算做/正做(不好的事);胜任Itisuptosbtodosth...……是某人的责任;应由某人做……It’suptoyou.由你做主。/取决于你。写作佳句Upto65%ofchildrendon’tgetasmuchsleepastheyshoulddo.多达65%的孩子得不到他们应得的睡眠时间。-10-4.makeaneffort=makeefforts努力[教材原句]Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.(P12)报告显示,我们正在进步,但是我们需要做出更大的努力。语境巧练单句语法填空①ParentsinChinaalltryeveryeffort(make)theirchildren’slifebetter.②anefforttosendthepatienttohospitalwithoutdelay,theyaskedthepolicetoleadtheway.③(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Theenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbutthe(effort)madebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.tomakeInefforts-11-考点必记sparenoefforttodosth不遗余力做某事make/tryeveryefforttodo全力以赴做某事inanefforttodosth试图要做某事(常用作目的状语)One’seffortspaidoff.某人的努力有了回报。经典例句(2019·北京卷)Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.另外一种可能就是当一个团队里的人才较多时,有些队员付出的努力就少了。-12-5.figuren.数字;图形;人物;身材v.计算;认为[经典例句]LiHuahasbecomeapopularfigureinourschoolbecauseofhisexcellentperformanceinstudy.李华因为他学习成绩优秀而成为我们学校受欢迎的人物。语境巧练写出下列各句中figure的汉语意思①Shepracticesyogatokeepherfigure.②Butnewfiguresshowbird-watchingisfastbecomingapopularpastime.③Heisoneoftheinfluentialfiguresinteachingcareer.④(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)IfiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustasclosetoitasIamtomydogs.体形数字人物认为-13-单句语法填空⑤(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Itisdifficulttofigureaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied.out-14-考点必记(1)akeyfigure一个关键人物keepone’sfigure保持身材(2)figurethat...认为……figureout想出,理解;弄明白,看透figureon期待,指望,依赖点津figure的多重含义图示:-15-6.similarityn.类似;相似[经典例句]Regardlessoftheirsimilaritiesordifferences,itmakesagreatdifferencetohavefriends.不管朋友与我们有多么的相似或不同,拥有朋友会带来很大的影响。语境巧练单句语法填空①(2017·北京卷)Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.(similar),whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.②AstronomershavediscoveredthatthreeplanetshavesizesandtemperaturessimilarthoseofEarth.③Theyareboth25andnativesofBirmingham,butthe(similar)endsthere.Similarlytosimilarity-16-单句改错④Thestudentsinmyclassareallsimilartofamilybackground.to→in-17-考点必记(1)similaritybetween...……之间的相似之处(2)similaradj.相似的;类似的besimilartosb/sth与……相似besimilarin在……方面相似(3)similarlyadv.同样地;类似地写作佳句Theytwobecomeclosefriendsbecausetheyhavemanysimilarities.他们两个成了好朋友,因为他们有很多的相似之处。-18-7.of+抽象名词[教材原句]It’sanagreementbetweentownsorcitiesofsimilarsizeandage...(P19)它是有着相似的面积和年代的城镇之间的一份协定……语境巧练单句改错①Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictoseewhatuseanewinventioncanbetohumanlife.②Theadvicehegavemeisofveryvaluableformyfuturecareer.③Mobilephoneshavethesimilarfunctionsalthoughtheyaredifferentshapes.be后加of去掉ofdifferent前加of-19-写作升级④Learningtomakeplansisveryimportantinanindividual’slifeandwork.→[满分表达]Learningtomakeplansisinanindividual’slifeandwork.(用“of+抽象名词”)ofgreatimportance-20-考点必记(1)beof+抽象名词=be+该抽象名词对应的形容词beofgreat/muchvalueuseimportanceinteresthelp=beveryvaluableusefulimpor