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Unit19Language-2-1.absencen.缺乏,不存在;缺席[教材原句]However,learningEnglishasaforeignlanguageisverydifficultintheabsenceofanativelanguageenvironment.(P6)然而,学习英语没有语言环境是很难的。-3-语境巧练单句填空①Thechildrendecoratedthehousebeautifullytocelebratetheirgrandmother’sbirthdayintheabsenceoftheirmother.②Hisabsence(absent)ofmindindrivingledtotheaccident.③Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent(absence).(2017·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B篇)完成句子④Nobodycouldtellwhythepresidentwasabsentfromtheimportantmeeting.没有人说明主席为什么缺席了那次重要会议。-4-考点必记①intheabsenceof缺乏……时,当……不在时absenceofmind精神不集中,心不在焉absencefrom缺席②absentadj.缺席的;缺乏的,不存在的v.缺席,不参加beabsent(from)缺席(……)写作佳句Allthestudentsbehavedwonderfullyintheabsenceoftheirheadteacher.在班主任不在的时候,所有的学生都表现很棒。-5-2.surroundvt.环绕,围绕;包围;与……紧密相关[教材原句]Somerespectedtheoriesonlanguageacquisitionbelievethattoattainahighleveloffluencyandaccuracyinaforeignlanguage,youneedtobesurroundedbyit.(P6)根据有些受人推崇的语言习得理论,学外语要达到一种高水平的流利程度和准确度,你需要置身于这种语言之中。-6-语境巧练单句填空①Nowweliveinaworldsurrounded(surround)bythe“can’tdo”attitudes.(2018·天津卷,阅读表达)②Thatmeansatransparentobjectdoesn’tlookverydifferentfromthesurrounding(surround)airorwater.③Surroundyourself(you)withupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetter...(2016·浙江卷,六选五)-7-考点必记surroundsb/sth包围某人/物surroundsb/sthwithsb/sth使某人/物包围某人/物besurroundedby/withsb/sth被某人/物所包围名师点津surrounding为形容词,表示“周围的,附近的”,而surroundings则是名词,表示“周围的事物;环境,气氛”。-8-3.guaranteevt.保证,担保;提供保修单;确保n.保证书;担保;抵押品[教材原句]KnowingthemainstoriesbeforereadingwillguaranteegreatercomprehensionwhenreadinginEnglish.(P6)在读前了解主要内容会确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解。-9-语境巧练单句填空①Iguaranteethatifyoutakethismedicine,you’llsoongetwell.②Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold,andguaranteedtopresent(present)eventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!(2017·江苏卷,阅读理解A篇)完成句子③Surely,therewillbesetbacksanddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.当然,生活中会有挫折和失望,自身的大胆不是成功的保证。-10-考点必记①guaranteesbsth向某人担保某事guaranteetodosth保证做某事beguaranteedtodosth肯定会/必定会做某事guarantee+that从句保证……guaranteesthagainst...保障某物免受……②underguarantee在保修期内noguaranteeof不是……的保证写作佳句Theshoppromisedthattheywouldrepairourcarforfree,becauseitwasstillunderguarantee.商店承诺他们将免费维修我们的汽车,因为它仍在保修期内。-11-4.adjustvt.调节;调整vi.适应;习惯[教材原句]WatchingafavouriteDVD,butadjustingthelanguagetoEnglishinpartsyouknowwell.(P6)观看你最喜爱的一张光盘,但要把你熟悉的部分语言调换成英语。-12-语境巧练单句填空①Youcan’tseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyes.②Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustments(adjust)bytheuser.(2016·上海卷,语法与词汇)完成句子③Myparentswhowereusedtolivinginthecountrysidehadtroubleadjustingtolivinginanapartment.习惯了住在乡下的我的父母住套房难以适应。-13-考点必记①adjuststh调节……adjustto适应adjust(sth/oneself)to(doing)sth使(某物/某人自己)适应(做)某事②adjustableadj.可调整的;可调节的adjustmentn.调整;调节;(思想、行为的)适应makeanadjustment做出调整写作佳句Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.显然,学生很难按自己的日程调整睡眠周期。-14-5.informv.告知,通知;了解,熟悉[教材原句]Informafriendofyourtargetssotheycanhelpmotivateyouaswell.(P6)把你的目标告诉朋友,这样他们也能激励你。语境巧练单句填空①Aftertheystartedtobuildthenewhigh-speedrailway,theykeptthechiefengineerinformed(inform)oftheprogress.②Nineyearslater,whenthatteenwasaseniorincollege,hewasinformedthatthedeveloperwasbackwithhisproposaltobuildcondominiums.完成句子③Imadeitahabittoinformvisitorsofthesystemthatweused.我差不多已经成了习惯,将我们所用的系统告知来访者。-15-考点必记①informsbofsth通知某人某事informsbthat/what/when/how...通知某人……(inform的宾语通常只能是人,所以当后接从句时,从句前的sb不能省略)②informedadj.有学问的,有见识的keepsbinformed随时向某人报告情况,让某人了解写作佳句MyunclehopesIwillwritetohimfromtimetotimeandinformhimofmyprogress.我叔叔希望我常常给他写信,告诉他我的进步。-16-6.unconsciousadj.不省人事的,失去知觉的;无意识的,自然流露的;不知不觉的[教材原句]However,bodylanguagecanbeunconsciousaswell.(P10)然而,身体语言也可以是无意识的。语境巧练单句填空①Hewas,asamatteroffact,veryfamousthen,buthewasquiteunconscious(conscious)ofit.②Mostofthetimeshewaslostinthought,andwasquiteunconsciousofhersurroundings.-17-考点必记①be(un)consciousof(没有)意识到knock/beatsbunconscious打昏某人②unconsciouslyadv.不知不觉地,无意地unconsciousnessn.昏迷,无知觉状态consciousadj.感觉到的;知道的-18-7.resemblevt.像;与……相似(相当于looklike或besimilarto)[教材原句]Theymightalsocrosstheirarmsandmoveinanabruptwayresemblingarobotmorethanahuman.(P10)他们也可能交叉手臂,走起路来像机器人一样笨拙。语境巧练单句填空①SonAustin,nowa10th-grader,didn’tseethepointofbuildingalibrarythatresembles(resemble)amailbox.②Whathappensinthefilmbearslittleresemblance(resemble)towhatactuallyhappened.完成句子③Sheresembleshersisterinappearancebutnotincharacter.她在相貌上和她姐姐很像,但性格不像。-19-考点必记①resemblesb/sth与某人/某物相似resemblesb/sthin...在……方面与某人/某物相似②resemblancen.相似写作佳句Ittookthemtenminutestotalkaboutwhethertheboyresembledhisfatherormother.他们花了十分钟去谈论这孩子是像爸爸还是像妈妈。-20-8.negotiatev.协商;谈判;交涉;达成(协议)[教材原句]Youcannegotiatethepricebyusingyourfingersandevenaskquestionsbyusingyourhandstooutlinetheshapesofthingsyouwant...(P10)你可以用手指讨价还价,甚至可以用手比划出你想要的东西的形状来问问题……-21-语境巧练单句填空①Theyoungsaleswomanregardsnegotiatingpriceswithcustomersasherspecialtalent.②Atlastthetwosidesendedthenegotiation(negotiate)inafriendlyandharmoniousatmosphere.③We’vemadeadecisionthatwe’llnegotiatewiththeemployersaboutoursalary.完成句子④Thecontractssubmittedlastweekarenowundern