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Oracle9iDBAFundamentalsIVolume1•StudentGuideD11321GC10Production1.0May2001D32643AuthorsSarathChandranMarieSt.GelaisSMattTaylorJrTechnicalReviewersHowardBradleyRuthBaylisPaulCartwrightTrevorDavisJoelGoodmanScottGossettTomokiIshiiPeterKilpatrickStefanLindbladHowardOstrowAsheshParekhRadhanesPetronillaVenceslavaPretlovaAndreasReinhardtRanbirSinghPeterSharmanBarryTruteRicVanDykeKarlaVillasenorJohnWatsonTeppeiYagihashiPublisherShaneMattimoeCopyright©OracleCorporation,2001.Allrightsreserved.ThisdocumentationcontainsproprietaryinformationofOracleCorporation.Itisprovidedunderalicenseagreementcontainingrestrictionsonuseanddisclosureandisalsoprotectedbycopyrightlaw.Reverseengineeringofthesoftwareisprohibited.IfthisdocumentationisdeliveredtoaU.S.GovernmentAgencyoftheDepartmentofDefense,thenitisdeliveredwithRestrictedRightsandthefollowinglegendisapplicable:RestrictedRightsLegendUse,duplicationordisclosurebytheGovernmentissubjecttorestrictionsforcommercialcomputersoftwareandshallbedeemedtobeRestrictedRightssoftwareunderFederallaw,assetforthinsubparagraph(c)(1)(ii)ofDFARS252.227-7013,RightsinTechnicalDataandComputerSoftware(October1988).ThismaterialoranyportionofitmaynotbecopiedinanyformorbyanymeanswithouttheexpresspriorwrittenpermissionofOracleCorporation.Anyothercopyingisaviolationofcopyrightlawandmayresultinciviland/orcriminalpenalties.IfthisdocumentationisdeliveredtoaU.S.GovernmentAgencynotwithintheDepartmentofDefense,thenitisdeliveredwith“RestrictedRights,”asdefinedinFAR52.227-14,RightsinData-General,includingAlternateIII(June1987).Theinformationinthisdocumentissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.Ifyoufindanyproblemsinthedocumentation,pleasereporttheminwritingtoEducationProducts,OracleCorporation,500OracleParkway,BoxSB-6,RedwoodShores,CA94065.OracleCorporationdoesnotwarrantthatthisdocumentiserror-free.SQL*Loader,SQL*Net,SQL*Plus,Net8,OracleCallInterface,Oracle7,Oracle8,Oracle8i,Developer/2000,Developer/2000Forms,Designer/2000,OracleEnterpriseManager,OracleParallelServer,PL/SQL,Pro*C,Pro*C/C++,andTrustedOraclearetrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofOracleCorporation.Allotherproductsorcompanynamesareusedforidentificationpurposesonly,andmaybetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.IntroductionCourseObjectivesI-2Oracle9iEnterpriseEditionI-3DatabaseAdministratorTasksI-41OracleArchitecturalComponentsObjectives1-2OverviewofPrimaryComponenets1-3OracleServer1-5OracleInstance1-6EstablishingaConnectionandCreatingaSession1-7OracleDatabase1-9PhysicalStructure1-10MemoryStructure1-11SystemGlobalArea(SGA)1-12SharedPool1-15LibraryCache1-16DataDictionaryCache1-17DatabaseBufferCache1-18RedoLogBufferCache1-21LargePool1-22JavaPool1-23ProgramGlobalArea(PGA)1-24ProcessStructure1-25UserProcess1-26SeverProcess1-27BackgroundProcesses1-28DatabaseWriter(DBWn)1-29LogWriter(LGWR)1-30SystemMonitor(SMON)1-31ProcessMonitor(PMON)1-32Checkpoint(CKPT)1-33Archiver(ARCn)1-35LogicalStructure1-37ProcessingaSQLStatement1-38Summary1-40Practice1Overview1-412GettingStartedWiththeOracleServerObjectives2-2DatabaseAdministrationTools2-3ContentsiiiOracleUniversalInstaller2-4InteractiveInstallation2-5Non-InteractiveInstallationUsingResponseFiles2-6OracleDatabaseConfigurationAssistant2-9OptimalFlexibleArchitecture(OFA)2-10OracleSoftwareandFileLocations2-11DatabaseAdministratorUsers2-12AuthenticationMethodsforDatabaseAdministrators2-13UsingPasswordFileAuthentication2-14SQL*Plus2-16OracleEnterpriseManager2-17OracleEnterpriseManagerArchitecture:Java-BasedConsoleandApplications2-18OracleEnterpriseManagerArchitecture:ManagedNodes2-19OracleEnterpriseManagerConsole2-20DBATools2-22Summary2-24Practice2Overview2-253ManaginganOracleInstanceObjectives3-2InitializationParameterFiles3-3PFILEinitSID.ora3-5PFILEExample3-6SPFILEspfileSID.ora3-7CreatinganSPFILE3-8SPFILEExample3-10OracleManagedFiles3-12OracleManagedFileExample3-14StartingUPaDatabase3-15STARTUPCommand3-18TheALTERDATABASEComand3-20OpeningaDatabaseinRestrictedMode3-21OpeningaDatabaseinRead-OnlyMode3-23ShuttingDowntheDatabase3-24ShutdownOptions3-25ManaginganInstancebyMonitoringDiagnosticFiles3-29AlertLogFile3-30BackgroundTraceFiles3-32UserTraceFile3-33ivEnablingorDisablingUserTracing3-34Summary3-35Practice3Overview3-384CreatingaDatabaseObjectives4-2ManagingandOrganizingaDatabase4-3CreationPrerequisites4-4PlanningDatabaseFilesLocations4-5CreatingaDatabase4-7OperatingSystemEnvironment4-8UsingtheDatabaseConfigurationAssistant4-9CreateaDatabase4-11DatabaseInformation4-12TypicalorCustomInstall4-13OtherParameters4-15CompleteDatabaseCreation4-16CreatingaDatabaseManually4-17PreparingtheParameterFile4-18CreatingSPFILE4-19StartingtheInstance4-20CreatingtheDatabase4-21CreatingaDatabaseUsingOMF4-24Troubleshooting4-25AfterDatabaseCreation4-26Summary4-275DataDictionaryContentsandUsageObjectives5-2DataDictionary5-3DataDictionaryContents5-5HowtheDataDictionaryIsUsed5-6DataDictionaryViewCategories5-7DynamicPerformanceTables5-9QueryingtheDataDictionaryandDynamicPerformanceViews5-10DataDictionaryExamples5-11Summary5-12Practice5Overview5-136MaintainingtheCo