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专题七定语从句考情概览-2-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease...2.(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthemkeepfit.3.(2018·浙江卷)Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.4.(2018·天津卷)Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.考情概览-3-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpond,whichtheyraisedfish.在which前加in或which→where2.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that→which3.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.they→that或which考情概览-4-高考感悟考点归纳考点一关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Doyouknowtheboy(whom)wemetatthegate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?考情概览-5-高考感悟考点归纳3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.她就是那位我非常想见的明星。Amongthemanydangers(which/that)sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.在海员们要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。考情概览-6-高考感悟考点归纳5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe+名词”。Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.国内市场利润下降的公司会寻求到国外发展的机会。Thehousewhosewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.=Thehouseofwhichthewindowsareverylargeismyuncle’s.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。考情概览-7-高考感悟考点归纳6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,thesame,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.(as做workout的宾语)这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。注意so/such...that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnobodyinmyclasscouldworkitout.(workout已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)考情概览-8-高考感悟考点归纳(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。考情概览-9-高考感悟考点归纳7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,month等,常用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。Iamlookingforwardtothedaywhen/onwhichmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。考情概览-10-高考感悟考点归纳8.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。Thehousewhere/inwhichhelivesisneartheriver.注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere/inwhichtheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。考情概览-11-高考感悟考点归纳9.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用forwhich来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。Tellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoucamelate.告诉我你来晚了的原因。注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。考情概览-12-高考感悟考点归纳考点二必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.这是我最不想参观的地方。3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。考情概览-13-高考感悟考点归纳4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。ThisisthethirddictionarythatIhaveused.这是我用过的第三本词典。5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwewereinterestedin.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。考情概览-14-高考感悟考点归纳6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingunderthetree?站在树下的那个男子是谁?注意QingdaoisthemostbeautifulcitywhereIhaveeverworked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词)前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。考情概览-15-高考感悟考点归纳考点三不能用关系代词that的情况1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whom。ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.这是我们去北京乘坐的火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.上周我在图书馆里借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。考情概览-16-高考感悟考点归纳3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不用that。Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?有人能回答这个问题吗?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。What’sthatwhichsheislookingat?她正在看什么?考情概览-17-高考感悟考点归纳考点四as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.位置不同。which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。Itisatrulydelightfulplace,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。Mike,asyouknow,isanhonestman./Mikeisanhonestman,asyouknow./Asyouknow,Mikeisanhonestman.如你所知,迈克是个诚实的人。考情概览-18-高考感悟考点归纳2.先行词不同。as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。Asweal