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专题六非谓语动词考情概览-2-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.2.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlongtosee(see)thebenefit.3.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprove(improve)waterquality.4.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeding(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.5.(2018·北京卷)Ordinarysoap,used(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.考情概览-3-高考感悟考点归纳6.(2018·江苏卷)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,exceeding(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.7.(2018·北京卷)Traveling(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.8.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Hewasjustsaying:“I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!”Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedmetostay(stay)andwatch.9.(2018·浙江卷)Istillremembervisiting(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.10.(2018·天津卷)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographstaken(take).考情概览-4-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.sell→selling2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.wait→waiting3.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.在take前加to4.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargegroupofpeople.去掉that考情概览-5-高考感悟考点归纳5.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!在pick前加to考情概览-6-高考感悟考点归纳考点一非谓语动词的形式类别基本形式一般式进行式完成式不定式todo;tobedonetobedoingtohavedone;tohavebeendone动词-ing形式doing;beingdone—havingdone;havingbeendone过去分词done考情概览-7-高考感悟考点归纳Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized.这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。Tocatchtheearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了一辆出租车并且早早起床。考情概览-8-高考感悟考点归纳考点二非谓语动词的时态和语态1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式;否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。Theyworkeddayandnight,sendingsuppliestothefloodareas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于work来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用havingsent)考情概览-9-高考感悟考点归纳HavingspentthepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitinglong.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(问题被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。考情概览-10-高考感悟考点归纳2.beingdone所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Beingexposedtothesunforsolongwilldoharmtoourskin.暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语动词的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。Theteachercamein,followingourmonitor.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。考情概览-11-高考感悟考点归纳考点三非谓语动词做宾语情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式做宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto考情概览-12-高考感悟考点归纳情况常用动词begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)need,want,require,deserve(接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)考情概览-13-高考感悟考点归纳情况常用动词stoptodo(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stopdoing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)goontodo(接着做另外一件事)goondoing(接着做同一件事)trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力做)trydoing(试着去做)meantodo(打算做,企图做)meandoing(意思是,意味着)考情概览-14-高考感悟考点归纳AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwentontothankallthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。It’snousearguingwithhim.Ithinkiteasytohavedonesomuchinonlyoneday.我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。考情概览-15-高考感悟考点归纳考点四非谓语动词做状语1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;havingdone表示do的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用havingbeendone。Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,wonderingwhethertostayorleave.当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。考情概览-16-高考感悟考点归纳Theteachersstoodtheretalking,surroundedbythestudents.老师们站在那里交谈,被学生围着。(Theteachers和talk之间为主动关系,Theteachers和surround之间为被动关系)Havingbeenshownaroundthelab,thevisitorswenttothelibrary.被带领参观实验室后,参观者去了图书馆。(beshownaround“被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作)Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。(不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调thebook和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的write只表示被动,不表示完成)考情概览-17-高