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单元语法聚焦十[可数名词与不可数名词以及some与any的用法]教材典句1．—Arethereanyvegetablesinthebeefsoup?牛肉汤里有蔬菜吗？—Yes.Therearesometomatoes.是的，有一些西红柿。2．—Isthereanymeatinthetomatoandeggsoup?西红柿鸡蛋汤里有肉吗？—No,thereisn'tany.不，没有。3．Yes,therearesomecarrots.是的，有一些胡萝卜。4．I'dlikebeefnoodleswithcarrots.我想要带有胡萝卜的牛肉面。语法探究一、可数名词与不可数名词英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。简单地说，能数出个数的为可数名词，不能数出个数的为不可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分，而不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词与不可数名词用法对比：可数名词不可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如：abook,twobooks;abus,threebuses只有一种形式。如：bread,water,juice,milk可以直接用不定冠词a/an或数词等修饰。如：acake,anapple,fourboys不能用不定冠词或数词直接修饰。如：arice(×),ajuice(×),threewater(×)可以用some,any,few,afew,many,alotof等修饰。如：somegirls,afewfriends,manypears可以用some,any,little,alittle,much,alotof等修饰。如：somemilk,alittlewater,alotoffood用howmany来询问数量。如：Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily？用howmuch来询问数量。如：Howmuchmilkisthereinthebottle？二、some与any的用法1.一般说来，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。Shewantssomejuice.她想要些果汁。Shedoesn'twantanymilk.她不想要牛奶。2．any可以用于条件句中。Ifyouhaveanytrouble,pleaseletmeknow.如果你有困难的话，请告诉我。3．some可以用于疑问句的情况。常用于款待用语或提出一个要求并希望得到对方肯定回答的问句中。这类用语中的some不能用any代替。Wouldyoulikesomemoretea?你想再来点儿茶吗？Couldyougetmesomebread?你能给我拿些面包吗？实战演练Ⅰ.把下列名词分类beef,tomato,water,noodle,potato,carrot,milk,rice,egg,meat1.可数名词：__________________________________________________________2.不可数名词：__________________________________________________________tomato,noodle,potato,carrot,eggbeef,water,milk,rice,meatⅡ.单项填空()1.2018·桂林________isahealthydrink.A．WaterB．EggC．Apple()2.2018·怀化Therearemanyold________and________inthepark.A．man;childrenB．men;childC．men;childrenAC()3.2018·铜仁—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—I'dlikethree________．A．bottlesofwatersB．bottleofwatersC．bottleofwaterD．bottlesofwaterD【解析】句意：“你想喝点什么？”“我想来三瓶水。”water是不可数名词，表达数量时，需借助量词，bottle是可数名词，故选D。()4.2018·益阳—Ilike________.Theyaremyfavoritefruit.—Really?ButIlikeapples.A．strawberriesB．orangeC．bananaA()5.Hurryup！Thereis________timeleft.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afewB【解析】time是不可数名词；alittle,little都可以修饰不可数名词，alittle意为“一点儿”，表示肯定意义；little意为“几乎没有”，表示否定意义。根据语境可知选B。()6.Hurryup!Some________and________areonsaleinthesupermarket.A．tomato;eggB．tomatoes;eggC．tomatoes;eggsD．tomato;eggs()7.2018·东营—Let'sseewhatfoodyou'vegotfordinner.—Look,wehavemutton(羊肉),fish,eggs,tomatoesand________．A．milkB．BreadC．coffeeD．juiceCB()8.2017·十堰—Whatisyoursister'sfavorite________？—Sheisalwaysinred.Don'tyouknow?A．songB．movieC．colorD．foodC【解析】句意：“你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？”“她总是穿红色的衣服。难道你不知道吗？”结合答语中的“inred”可知，询问的是颜色，故选C。()9.2017·重庆—Judy,IwillhaveameetinginCanadanextweek.—Well,you'dbettertakea________withyou,oryoumayeasilygetlost.A．photoB．stampC．mapD．postcardC【解析】句意：“Judy,下周我将在加拿大开会。”“哦，你最好带上地图，否则你可能会很容易迷路。”photo意为“照片”；stamp意为“邮票”；map意为“地图”；postcard意为“明信片”。由“youmayeasilygetlost”可知，要带上“地图”，故选C。()10.2016·贵港—CanIhelpyou?—Yes,please.Ineedapairof________．A．shoesB．TshirtC．sweaterD．bagsAⅢ.用some或any填空1.Couldyougetme________coffee,please?2．Don'ttake________magazinesoutofthereadingroom.3.—Doeshebuy________cakesorcookies?—Cookies,Ithink.4.Ifyouhave________questions,askme,please.5.Heisgoingtovisit________placesofinterestinBeijingtomorrow.someanyanyanysome