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非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，其中分词包括现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词既有动词性质（比如可以有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（比如动名词相当于名词；分词相当于形容词和副词；不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。构成句子成分不定式to+动词原形除谓语外的任何成分有将要之间动名词doing主语宾语表语定语状语宾补表一般情况分词现在分词doing表语宾补定语状语主动、进行过去分词done表语宾补定语状语被动、完成动词不定式动词不定式可以在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisdifficult.动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：It’sdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.考点一：作主语。形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：It’s+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.或It’s+n.+(forsb.)todosth.。e.g.It’sveryniceofyoutooffermeaseat.It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.Itwasgreatfuntohaveapicnicthere.考点二：作宾语。常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree,afford,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,offer,prepare,plan,promise,refuse,want等。注意：在find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置。e.g.Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.1.Theydecided_____abridgeovertheriver.A.buildB.tobuildC.building2.IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingoffered____metowatchanopera.A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.takingBC3.Shesaidshehoped______herdaughter.A.toseeB.youtoseeC.seeing4.Ican’ttellyouwhatshesaid.I’vepromised_____itasecret.A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.keptAB考点三：作宾语补足语。1.一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow,call,want,tell,advise,ask,warn,encourage,invite,order,teach等。提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不定式。e.g.Canyouhelpthegirl(to)movethechair?2.使役动词(如make,let等)及感官动词(如see,feel,hear,watch,notice等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to。注意在变为被动语态时要加上to。e.g.Isawayoungmanentertheroom.Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.1.Ourteacheroftenadvisesus_____thehabitofmakingnoteswhilereadinA.todevelopB.developC.todevelopingD.developing2.YoushouldaskBob___hisownclothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.A.washB.washesC.washingD.towashAD3.Weadviseparents______theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.nottoleaveB.notleaveC.notleavingA考点四：作定语。动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。e.g.Ihaven’thadthechancetothinkyet.（作名词的定语）提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。e.g.Tinahasnopapertowriteon.Joiningasummercampisagreatchance____freetimewithyourfriends.A.spendB.spendingC.tospendC考点四：作状语。动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结果等。e.g.Theyweresurprisedtofindthatnobodywasinthehouse.(表示原因)Togetagoodseatshearrivedatthehallearly.(表示目的)Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.(表示结果)说明：1.hadbetter，wouldrather，Whynot...?，Will/Wouldyouplease...?后面接不带to的动词不定式。e.g.Tocatchtheearlybus,you’dbettergetupearlytomorrowmorning.2.动词不定式可以和疑问词what，which，how，where，when等连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构。e.g.Canyoutellmewheretobuyamap?1.—I’llhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdon’tknow______.—HowaboutParis?A.whattodoB.wheretogoC.whentogoB2.TheChineseteamareworkinghard____honorsinthe2016OlympicGames.A.towinB.winC.winning3.It’sgettingdark.You’dbetter_____outbyyourself.It’sdangerousA.notgoB.nottogoC.togoAA4.Iboughtabigbox________booksforkidsinpoorareas.A.collectsB.tocollectC.collectD.collectedB动词-ing形式动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。考点一：作主语。动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。e.g.Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“_____Englishwellisveryimportant.”A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.TolearningB考点二：作宾语。1.在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有dislike,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,suggest,giveup,putoff,keepon,bebusy,havefun,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,feellike,thanksfor等。2.有些及物动词（如like，love，hate，begin，start等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。如：e.g.Doyoulikereading/toread?3.有些及物动词（如remember，forget，stop，try等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。forget/remembertodosth.忘记/记得要做某事forget/rememberdoingsth.忘记/记得做过某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事trytodosth.设法做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事needtodosth.需要去做某事needdoing需要被做meantodosth.打算去做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事usedtodosth.过去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事1.Wefeellike_____somefoodanddrinkbecausewe’llinvitesomefriends_____inaparty.A.buying,tojoinB.tobuy,joiningC.buying,joinA2.Aftershefinished______thestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading3.Brucepractices________basketballeverydaysothathecanbeabetterplayer.A.playB.toplayC.playingDC4.Myfatherusedtodrivetowork,butheisusedto______now.(2016贵州六盘水)A.walkingB.walkedC.walksD.walkA考点三：宾语补足语一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。感官动词(如see，watch，notice，hear，feel等)后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。1.Theshowwassofunnythatitmadeeveryone______againandagain.A.laughB.laughedC.laughingD.tolaughC2.IheardTom_____whenIwalkedpasthisroomyesterday.A.singB.singingC.tosingD.sang3.Isawsomeboystudents_____basketballwhenIpassedtheplayground.A.playedB.playsC.playingD.toplayAC考点四：作定语。e.g.ThemanstandingthereismyfriendLook!Therearesomebirds_____inthesky.Theyareverybeautiful.A.toflyB.flyC.flyingD.flownC分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.-ing)有主动、进行之意；过去分词(v.-ed)有被动、完成之意。在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。考点一：作定语。e.g.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Americaisadevelopedcountry.考点二：作表语。e.g.Thebookisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.考点三：作宾语补足语。e.g.Isawhergoingupstairs.Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.考点四：作状语。e.g.Laughingandtalking,