[祈使句的用法及haveto与must的辨析]单元语法聚焦四1.Don'tarrivelateforclass.上课不要迟到。2.Don'truninthehallways.不要在走廊里跑。3.Doeshehavetowearauniformatschool?他上学不得不穿校服吗?4.Wehavetobequietinthelibrary.我们在图书馆不得不保持安静。5.Wemustbeontimeforclass.我们必须准时上课。教材典句语法探究一、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令或建议。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称you,但通常省略。祈使句的句末一般用句号,表示较强语气时用感叹号。为表示礼貌,可在祈使句句首或句末加please。句末用please时,前面通常加逗号,即用“Please…”或“…,please.”句式。若有称呼语,要用逗号隔开,放在句首或句末。1.祈使句的肯定形式:____________+其他.Pleasebuysomebananasforme.请为我买一些香蕉。2.祈使句的否定形式:在动词原形前加________,即“Don't+动词原形+其他.”Don'tlookoutofthewindow.不要向窗外看。3.祈使句的反意疑问句用willyou/won‘tyou。但是,以let’s开头的祈使句的反意疑问部分用____________;以letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问部分用____________。动词原形don'tshallwewillyouDon'tswimhere,willyou?不要在这儿游泳,好吗?Let'sgotothezoo,shallwe?让我们去动物园吧,好吗?4.let引导的句子也是祈使句的一种。其肯定形式为“Let+sb.+____________+其他.”;否定形式为“Let+sb.+________+____________+其他./Don'tlet+sb.+____________+其他.”Let'sjointhesoccerclub.让我们加入足球俱乐部吧。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。动词原形not动词原形动词原形5.“No+n./v.ing!”常用于标识语。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!二、haveto与must1.haveto表示客观上“不得不”,must表示主观需要或受责任感的驱使认为有必要或有义务去做某事,通常译为“必须”。Ihavetodomyhomeworknow.现在我不得不做作业。(不得不做)Wemustbethereontime.我们一定准时到达。(受责任感的驱使)2.haveto与must的否定形式分别是don'thaveto(不必),mustn't(一定不要,禁止)。3.在含有must的一般疑问句中,肯定回答为“Yes,主语+must.”,否定回答为“No,主语+needn't/don'thaveto.”实战演练Ⅰ.单项填空()1.2018·齐齐哈尔—________Ifinishmyworknow?—No,you________.Youcandoitlater.A.May;needn'tB.Must;don'thavetoC.Can;couldn't()2.2018·北京I________gonow,orI'llmiss(错过)mytrain.A.canB.mightC.mustD.couldBC()3.“Noswimming!”meansthat________.A.wecanswimB.it'ssafetoswimC.betterswimD.don'tswim()4.2017·永州—Mustwefinishthehomeworknow?—________.Ourteacherdoesn'taskusto.A.Yes,wemustB.No,wemustn'tC.No,weneedn'tDC()5.2016·齐齐哈尔—Hi,you________walkonthegrass.—Sorry,I________doitagain.A.can't;willB.needn't;won'tC.mustn't;won't()6.2017·永州David,________maketroubleatschool.A.can'tB.don'tC.doesn'tCB【解析】考查祈使句的用法。句意:戴维,不要在学校惹麻烦。根据语境可知,本句应是一种命令,这是一个否定祈使句,以don't开头。故选B。Ⅱ.翻译下列句子1.让我们用英语交谈吧。___________________________________________________2.老师要来了。安静。___________________________________________________Let'stalkinEnglish.Theteacheriscoming.Bequiet.3.坐下休息一下吧。___________________________________________________4.咱们别看电视了。___________________________________________________5.不要玩电脑游戏了。__________________________________________________Sitdownandhavearest.Let'snotwatchTV.Don'tplaycomputergames.