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Unit4Don'teatinclass.语法精讲基础自测阅读提升第2课时SectionA(GrammarFocus—3c)一、祈使句1．含义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令或建议等的一种句型。其主语一般为第二人称you，但通常省略。祈使句的句末一般用句号，表示较强语气时用感叹号。为了使祈使句显得更委婉、有礼貌，可在开头或结尾加上please。2．祈使句的五种类型Do型祈使句实义动词原形＋其他Listentome，please.请听我说。Be型祈使句be动词＋其他Bequiet，please.请安静。Let型祈使句Let＋sb.＋动词原形＋其他Let'splayfootball.让我们踢足球吧。Please型祈使句Please＋动词原形＋其他Pleasestandup.请起立。Pleasedon'tstandup.请不要起立。No型祈使句No＋v．－ing/名词！(表示禁止)Nosmoking!禁止吸烟！Nophotos!禁止拍照！3.祈使句的否定形式通常是在谓语动词前加don't。但要注意以let开头的祈使句，其否定形式是“Don't＋let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他．”或“Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他”。4．对祈使句的基本回答：(1)A：Tom,taketheboxtoMr.Wu'soffice.B：肯定回答——Yes,Iwill.否定回答——Sorry,Ican'tcarryit.(2)A：Don'tlistentomusicinclass.B：No,Iwon't.(用于自己之前没做过，同时也表明自己今后也不会做时)或Sorry,Iwon'tdoitinfuture.(用于自己犯错，被别人禁止时)(3)A：Let'sgooutforawalk.(“Let'sdosth.”常用于提出建议)B：肯定回答——That'sagoodidea.或Thatsoundsgood.(直接表示赞同)否定回答——Oh,no.It'stoohot.或Oh,no.Let'swatchTVathome.(可用“No”作否定回答，并适当解释或提出自己的见解)祈使句一般要对方去做的动作是在将来发生。肯定回答时常用“Yes,Iwill”；否定回答时常用“No,Iwon't”等。will为“将要”之意，won't为will和not的缩写形式，为“将不；将不会”之意。二、情态动词can与haveto1．can能；会(1)表示做某事的能力，其否定式为can't。如：CanyouspeakEnglish?你会讲英语吗？(2)表示“允许；许可”。如：Youcankeepthebookforaweek.这本书你可以借一周。2．haveto必须；不得不其后接动词原形。haveto有第三人称单数形式，即hasto，变疑问句和否定句时要借用助动词do/does。如：Wehavetogohomeafterschool.我们放学后必须回家。Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1．______________(notplay)withfire(火)．2．Don't________(run)intheclassroom.3．Lethimnot_____________(notplay)thecomputergames.4．Canwe________(eat)here?5．Doyouhaveto_______(go)tobedbeforetenatnight?Don'tplayrunnotplayeatgoⅡ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1．到这儿来。______________．2．别在走廊里跑。____________inthehallways.3．快点！____________！4．不要在这儿吃东西。_____________here.5．让我们骑自行车到那儿吧。___________thebiketogetthere.ComeDon'tBeDon'tLet'shererunquickeatrideⅢ.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1．Lilycanplaytheguitar.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)—________Lily_______theguitar?—No,she________．2．Jackhastoplaythepianoeveryweekend.(改为一般疑问句)__________Jack____________playthepianoeveryweekend?3．Bequick.(改为否定句)_____________quick.4．Youcan'teatfoodinclass.(改为祈使句)_____________foodinclass.5．Youcan'tbelateforclassnexttime.(改为祈使句)_____________lateforclassnexttime.CanPlaycan'tDoeshaveDon'tDon'tDon'ttobeeatbeⅣ.单项选择。()1.________listentomusicintheclassroom.A．NotB．NoC．Don'tD．Doesn't()2.Tom，please________theclassroomnow.A．cleanB．tocleanC．cleansD．cleaning()3.Let's________ontimeforclasses.A．beB．benotC．areD．isCAAB()4.Shehasto________herhomeworkeverynight.A．doesB．doC．doingD．did()5.Sorry，you________playbasketballintheclassroom.A．can'tB．don'tC．don'thavetoD．doesn'tADearSam，Herearesome__1__foryouwhenyourdadandIarenotathome.__2__，gethomeearly.Don'tplay__3__afterschool.Second，takecareof(照顾)yourbrotheranddon't__4__withhim.Third,helpyourgrandmadothe__5__afterdinner.fightdirtydishrulebeforefollowoutsidekeeponepracticeⅤ.选词填空。阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词限用一次。Fourth，rememberto__6__thepianoforonehoureveryevening.Fifth，gotobed__7__10o'clock.Thelastone,__8__yourroomcleananddon'tleaveyour__9__clotheseverywhere.YourdadandIwillbeveryhappyifyoucan__10__therules.1．______2．______3．_________4．______5．_______6．_________7．_______8．______9．_______10．_______rulesFirstoutsidefightdishespracticebeforekeepdirtyfollow