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模块语法专练语法精讲现在完成时(二)1.当表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时,一般用现在完成时。同时,可用just,already或yet加以强调或说明。just用来表示“刚刚”;already用来表示“已经”,一般置于have/has之后,两者都用于肯定句;在否定句或疑问句中则要用yet,表示“还(未)”。例如:Ihavejustheardthenews.我刚刚听到那个消息。TheyhavealreadybeentotheUSA.他们已经去过美国了。Ihaven’theardfromTomyet.我还没有收到汤姆的来信。语法精讲2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。(1)构成形式不同。现在完成时的动词形式为“have/has+动词的过去分词”;一般过去时的动词形式为“动词的过去式”。例如:MariahasneverreadanyChinesestories.玛利亚从未读过中国故事。Jack’smothertookhimtoschooleverydaywhenhewasinprimaryschool.当杰克上小学时,他妈妈每天送他上学。(2)基本用法不同。现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响;而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。例如:LiLeihasreadthebook.李磊已经看过那本书。(说明李磊了解那本书的内容)YesterdayIwenttothezoo.昨天我去了动物园。(仅说明昨天去了动物园,与现在无关)语法精讲3.havebeento和havegoneto的用法辨析。(1)havebeento意为“到过,去过”,表示曾经去过某地,而此时人已不在那里,常与just,ever,never,once,twice,severaltimes等连用。例如:HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗?(2)havegoneto意为“去了”,表示某人到某处去了,可能在去的路上或已到那个地方了。例如:—MayIspeaktoHanMei?请韩梅接电话好吗?—Sorry,she’sgonetothelibrary.抱歉,她去图书馆了。语法精练Ⅰ.单项填空(D)1.MissBrown,wecleaningourclassroom.Canwegohomenow?A.finishB.finishingC.arefinishedD.havefinished(C)2.Inthepastfewyears,greatchangesinLianyungang.A.takeplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.havebeentakenplace(B)3.—Dad,whereisMum?—Shethesupermarket.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.isgoingtoD.go语法精练(A)4.IthebookLittleWomen,butI’llletyoureaditfirst.A.haven’treadB.don’treadC.won’treadD.read(D)5.Sincethen,ourhometownhasbecomeanewcity.Everything.A.ischangedB.waschangedC.hadchangedD.haschanged(B)6.—Lisa,whyareyoustillhere?Schoolisover.—Imyclassroomyet.Ineedfifteenmoreminutes.A.don’tcleanB.haven’tcleanedC.didn’tcleanD.won’tclean语法精练(C)7.Scientiststhinkthattherelifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.has(C)8.—youyourlunch?—Yes,Ihave.Ihadittenminutesago.A.Do;haveB.Are;havingC.Have;hadD.Did;have语法精练Ⅱ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1.Mybrotherbought(buy)acameralastmonth.2.MrsSmithhasbeen(be)inhospitalalreadysinceshecame(come)here.3.Theroomisverycold.Whohasopened(open)thedoor?4.Whathashappened(happen)here?Thereissomewateronthedesk.5.Alicehasbeen(be)inParisfortwentyyears.