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-1-SectionⅢ—Grammar课前篇自主预习一二一、请根据后缀-ward(s)和前缀multi-的含义,猜测下列单词的含义-ward(s)=inacertaindirectionmulti-=many1.outwards2.forward3.westwards4.multivitamin5.multi-storey向外向前向西多种维生素(建筑物)多层的课前篇自主预习一二二、阅读下列句子,用适当的连词填空1.Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.2.Theyhavenoideasheisinterestedinworkingforher.3.There’safeelinginmewe’llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.4.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomeImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.5.Doyouhaveanyideaisactuallygoingonintheclassroom?thatwhetherthatthatwhat课前篇自主预习名词性从句(Ⅲ)——同位语从句定义:在句中作同位语的从句为同位语从句,跟在某些抽象名词的后面,用以解释或说明前面名词的内容连词分类A.that,whether:连词that无词义、不作句子成分、不省略;whether词义为“是否”,不作句子成分,不省略B.连接代词who,which,what:在从句中作主语、宾语或表语C.连接副词when,where,why,how:有词义,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语和方式状语注意的几个问题A.表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether而不用if引导同位语从句B.分割同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其所解释、说明的词被其他成分分割开来,这种分割主要出于修辞原因C.有些抽象名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,这些名词有:advice,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,requirement,decision,recommendation等D.名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导,nodoubt(毫无疑问)之后的同位语从句用that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别A.同位语从句对抽象名词进行补充说明,而定语从句对先行词起修饰或限制的作用B.同位语从句所解释的词通常是抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词无此限制C.that引导同位语从句在句中不作成分,通常不省略,只起连接作用;引导定语从句时除了起连接作用外,还在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语D.当when,why,where和how引导同位语从句时是连接副词,虽然在句中充当句子成分,但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。而when,why,where引导定语从句时为关系副词,在其前面分别有表示时间、原因、地点的名词作先行词课前篇自主预习Grammar:同位语从句一、同位语从句的语法意义在句中作同位语的从句为同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词的后面,用以解释或说明前面名词的内容。后面能接同位语从句的名词有fact,news,message,doubt,idea,belief,hope,thought,promise,suggestion,question,demand,order等。课前篇自主预习二、同位语从句的类型引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether,连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how等。1.由连词that,whether引导的同位语从句。单句填空Hecametoseeherinthebeliefhewouldbewelcome.他来看她,相信他会受到欢迎。答案:thatTheproblemhewillbesentencedfordrunkdrivingisn’tclear.他是否因酒驾判刑这一问题还不清楚。答案:whether课前篇自主预习2.由连接代词who,which,what等引导的同位语从句。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。单句填空Wehadnoideaonearthdidit.(该引导词在从句中作语)我们不知道究竟是谁干的这事。答案:who;主Wefeltsadatthethoughthedidandsaid.(该引导词在从句中作语)一想起他的所作所为我们就感到难过。答案:what;宾IhavenoideaoneIshouldchoose.(该引导词在从句中作语)我不知道该选哪一个。答案:which;定课前篇自主预习3.由连接副词when,where,why,how等引导的同位语从句。连接副词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语和方式状语。单句填空IhavenoideahewillbebackfromShanghai.(该引导词在从句中作语)我不知道他何时从上海回来。答案:when;时间状Thequestionwewillgotospendourholidayhasnotbeendiscussed.(该引导词在从句中作语)我们要去哪里度假这一问题还没讨论。答案:where;地点状课前篇自主预习I’vegotaprettygoodideatheyleftearly.(该引导词在从句中作语)我非常了解他们为什么离开得那么早。答案:why;原因状Itremainsamysteryithappened.(该引导词在从句中作语)那事是怎么发生的仍然是个谜。答案:how;方式状课前篇自主预习三、同位语从句应注意的几个问题1.表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether而不用if引导同位语从句。翻译句子Ihavenoideawhethershe’sathome.翻译答案:我不知道她在不在家。2.分隔同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其所解释的词被其他成分分隔开来,这种分隔主要出于修辞原因。翻译句子HispromisewasalongwiththeletterthathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.翻译答案:信中他承诺在即将到来的圣诞节来看望我。课前篇自主预习3.在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should+)动词原形。常见的这类名词有:advice,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,requirement,decision,recommendation等。单句填空Thesuggestionthatanewbridge(build)wasaccepted.修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。答案:(should)bebuilt课前篇自主预习4.名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导,nodoubt(毫无疑问)之后的同位语从句用that引导。单句填空Wehavesomedoubttheycancompletethetaskontime.答案:whetherThereisnodoubthewillkeephispromise.答案:that课前篇自主预习四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.同位语从句对名词做进一步的解释或补充说明,而定语从句对先行词起修饰或限制的作用。判断下列句子画线部分的从句种类TheforeignerexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.从句种类答案:同位语从句I’llrememberthehopethattheforeignerexpressedtome.从句种类答案:定语从句课前篇自主预习2.同位语从句所解释、说明的词通常是抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词无此限制。判断下列句子画线部分的从句种类Thepossibilitythatscientistscancloneamanmaycometrue.从句种类答案:同位语从句Thisisthehousethatwebuiltlastyear.从句种类答案:定语从句课前篇自主预习3.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作成分,通常不能省略,只起连接作用。that引导定语从句时为关系代词,它除了起连接作用外,在从句中还要充当某一成分(如主语、宾语等),作宾语时可以省略。判断下列句子画线部分的从句种类Hemadeapromisethatifanyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.从句种类答案:同位语从句Istillrememberthepromise(that)hemade.从句种类答案:定语从句课前篇自主预习4.当when,why,where和how等引导同位语从句时,它们为连接副词,虽然在句中充当句子成分,但前面没有与其意义相当的名词。when,why,where在定语从句中为关系副词,在其前面分别有表示时间、原因或地点意义的名词作先行词。判断下列句子画线部分的从句种类Therearosethequestionwheretheyweretogetsomanychairsneeded.从句种类答案:同位语从句That’sthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.从句种类答案:定语从句随堂练习一、单句填空1.IsthereanypossibilityTeddycanbeatMarkinthefinalround,Mom?答案:that2.Mr.Smithaskedtheboyaquestionhecouldgototheconcertwithhim.答案:whether3.Themanlookedsofamiliar,butIdidn’thaveanyideaIhadmethimbefore.答案:where4.Threedayslater,wordcameourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.答案:that随堂练习5.Ihavenoideahegottoknowthesingerlastyear.答案:how6.Shemadeasuggestionthathe(give)moneytothepeopleinthesouth.答案:(should)give7.Thequestionshoulddotheworkneedsconsideringcarefully.答案:who8.Wearefacedwiththeproblemweshoulddowithsomuchpollution.答案:what随堂练习二、单句改错1.Heoftenaskedmethequestionthattheworkwasworthdoing.答案:that→whether/if2.Ihavenoimpressionwhetherhewenthome,perhapsbybike.答案:whether→how3.Thereisnodoubtwhetherexamsareimportant,soitisimportanttohavearightattitudetothem.答案:whether→that4.ThenewswhetherhehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.答案:whether→that5.We’lldiscusstheproblemthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.答案:that→whether随堂练习