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SectionⅡ—LearningaboutLanguage一二三四五一、学习下面的生词并选择合适的词完成句子1.Toomuchpackagingisdoingserioustotheenvironment.2.Itistowakeandfindastranger.3.Thatboyboughtaofchocolate.4.Whentheearthquakehappened,manypeopleescapedfromtheirhouses.bar条;棒;条状物damage损失;损害frightened受惊的;受恐吓的frightening令人恐惧的damagefrighteningbarfrightened一二三四五二、请根据下列图片用适当的引导词填空,完成下列定语从句1.Haveyouseenawoodenhousewaspulledintotheskyby300balloons?2.IknowaboutMrYang,livesinTangshan.which/thatwho一二三四五三、请标出下列句子中的定语1.Strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.2.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.3.Somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.4.Morebuildingsfelldown.5.Allhopewasnotlost.答案:Strange答案:smelly答案:Some;bright答案:More答案:All一二三四五6.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.7.Thewomanintheroomismymother.8.Peoplethereareverykindtome.9.ThegirlwithabookinherhandisMary.10.Thecoffeecupisonthetable.答案:Fresh答案:intheroom答案:there答案:withabookinherhand答案:coffee一二三四五四、阅读下列谚语和名人名言,指出定语从句的引导词1.Thatwhichwasbittertoenduremaybesweettoremember.2.Hetravelsthefastestwhotravelsalone.3.Thehandthatrocksthecradlerulestheworld.4.Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.答案:which答案:who答案:that答案:who一二三四五5.Alliswellthatendswell.6.Afriendisapresentwhichyougiveyourself.7.Anyonewhoplayswithlifewillachievenothing;anyonewhocannotcontrolhimselfwillbeaslaveforever.答案:that答案:which答案:who;who一二三四五五、阅读下列小幽默,找出其中的定语从句1Doctor:What’swrongwiththeshortmanwho’sjustbeenbroughtin?Nurse:He’shadagolfballknockeddownhisthroat(喉咙).Doctor:AndwhatisthatmanwhowasjumpingupanddowninthewaitingroomwhenIarrived?Nurse:That’sanothergolferwhoistheshortman’steamleader.Doctor:What’swrongwithhim?Nurse:Nothing.Hejustwantshisballback.一二三四五2Reporter:Excusemyasking,butwhatarethoselittlesoundsfromyourears?Popstar:Oh,youalsonoticedthelittlelovelysounds,whicharefrommyears.Reporter:Yes,they’relovely,andIthinkthey’resweet.Popstar:Theyarejustfrommyveryspecialearrings.一二三四五1.2.3.4.What’swrongwiththeshortmanwho’sjustbeenbroughtin?AndwhatisthatmanwhowasjumpingupanddowninthewaitingroomwhenIarrived?That’sanothergolferwhoistheshortman’steamleader.Oh,youalsonoticedthelittlelovelysounds,whicharefrommyears.121.Itwasafrighteningnight.那是一个令人恐惧的夜晚。考点frighteningadj.令人恐惧的Whatafrighteningbeast!多么可怕的野兽!【高考典句】(2016·浙江高考)Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.突然制动是很吓人的经历,特别是如果你正在高速行驶的时候。归纳frightening多用来修饰事物。12(1)frightenvt.使惊吓;吓唬【高考典句】(2018·全国高考Ⅲ卷)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.我和大猩猩都把对方吓了一跳,我很高兴,因为我发现它们还活着。(2)frightenedadj.受惊的;受恐吓的Wewerefrightenedwhenhefellintotheriver.他掉进河里时,我们吓坏了。归纳frightened多用来修饰人或表情。12活学活用用frighten的适当形式填空1)Thethiefspokeinavoiceandthelittleboywasvery.2)Thefishermantoldthepolicemeninavoiceabouttheanimal.完成句子3)突然的噪声把鸟群惊飞了。Thesuddennoisethebirdstoflyaway.frighteningfrightenedfrightenedfrightenedfrighteningfrightened122.Grammar:定语从句(Ⅰ)(由that,which,who,whose引导的定语从句)考点一定语从句的定义定语从句在句中做定语,修饰主句中的某个名词、代词或整个主句,被修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉后不会影响主句的意思,与主句之间通常用逗号分开。①Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩子们是一班的。②Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.深爱着他的妈妈对他要求很严格。12考点二由关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose引导的定语从句概述关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中做句子成分的三重作用。12关系代词指代对象及在从句中所做的成分使用要点that既指人又指物;做主语或宾语只用于限制性定语从句中,介词后面不能跟that。当代替物时,可以与which通用which指物;做主语或宾语在非限制性定语从句中,只宜用which,不能用that。可用在介词之后who,whom指人;who可做主语或宾语,whom只能做宾语先行词必须为人。who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,但若前面有介词,则只能用whomwhose做定语,可修饰人或事物是代词的所有格,相当于ofwhich或ofwhom12①YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdressthat/whichIgaveher.昨天艾米丽穿着我送给她的新衣服。②Ihaveafriendthat/wholikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.我有个喜欢听古典音乐的朋友。③Myparentsliveinahousewhich/thatismorethan100yearsold.我的父母住在一座有100多年历史的房子里。④Theman,who/whomyoujustmentioned,isafriendofmine.你刚才提到的那个人是我的一个朋友。⑤Thisistheartistwhoseworksareknownallovertheworld.这是一位作品闻名全世界的画家。⑥Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。12考点三定语从句只能由that引导的情况(1)先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,all,none,little等词,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。①HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?你记下李先生说的每句话了吗?②Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的事情都已经做了。③ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我几乎不能为你做什么。注意:当先行词指人时,也可以用who。④Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。12(2)先行词被序数词修饰时。⑤ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwasElizabethTower.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是伊丽莎白塔。(3)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。⑥ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。12(4)先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰时。⑦ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我想买的词典。⑧Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.他家发生火灾之后,那辆旧汽车成了他拥有的唯一的东西。注意:但当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who。⑨WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolthat/whowillattendthemeeting.王华是我们学校唯一去参加会议的人。12(5)先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。⑩Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?站在那儿的那个人是谁?(6)先行词中既有人也有物时。11Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatweoftentalkedabout?你能记起我们过去经常谈论的那位科学家以及他的理论吗?12活学活用语法填空1)Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.2)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeoneelse’sfault.3)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthqua