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-1-SectionⅡ—LearningaboutLanguageYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四一、分析下列句子中动词-ing与逻辑主语之间是什么关系,然后写出其句法功能1.Yesterday,anotherstudentandI,representingouruniversity’sstudentassociation,wenttotheCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear’sinternationalstudents.2.Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem.3.Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.4.ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.答案:八个句子中动词-ing与逻辑主语之间都是主谓关系。1非限制性定语;2,3,4伴随状语;YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四5.Justatthatmoment,however,AkirabowedsohisnosetouchedGeorge’smovinghand.6.Inthesamewaythatpeoplecommunicatewithspokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspoken“language”throughphysicaldistance,actionsorposture.7.Mostpeoplearoundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands...8.Ingeneral,though,studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday’sworldofculturalcrossroads!答案:5定语;6方式状语;7宾语;8主语。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空1.Heisthoughttobea(promise)actor.2.(stand)onthetopofthemountain,Icouldseethewholecity.3.Not(know)hertelephonenumber,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.4.Iwillneverforgetthe(smile)faces.5.Heoftencarefullywatchedthedoctorsinthe(operate)room.promisingStandingknowingsmilingoperatingYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四6.(return)fromBoston,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.7.Lookoutforcarswhile(cross)thestreet.8.(notice)thehouseonfire,hedialed119.9.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,(keep)onyourfeet.10.Doyouwakeupeverymorning(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?ReturningcrossingNoticingkeepingfeelingYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四三、读下列句子,说出其中动词-ing形式做的成分(定语、状语、宾语补足语、主语、表语、宾语)1.Withtimegoingby,IcametoknowIwaswrong.2.NeartheEnglishcoast,longlinesoffishingboatssailouttoseadaily.3.ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.宾语补足语定语主语YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四4.Thedoctoradvisedtakingmoreexercise.5.Thisnewsisencouraging.6.Havingnointerestinthetopic,hedidn’tgotothelecture.宾语表语状语YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四四、用动词-ing形式改写下列句子,注意其做定语或状语的用法范例:Thegirlisstandingoverthere.Sheismyclassmate.→Thegirlstandingoverthereismyclassmate.Ifyoudrivesofast,youwilldamagethecar.→Drivingsofast,youwilldamagethecar.1.Themanistakingawalkontheplayground.Heismyuncle.→2.Theplanisaboutplantingtreesinthegarden.Itisbeingdiscussed.→3.Thegirlsaremendingtheclothes.Theyarefromthenearbyvillages.→Themantakingawalkontheplaygroundismyuncle.Theplanbeingdiscussedisaboutplantingtreesinthegarden.Thegirlsmendingtheclothesarefromthenearbyvillages.YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四4.Istoodonthetopofthemountain.Ifoundthehousesbelowlookedliketinytoys.→5.AsIdidn’tknowhowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.→6.Becausehehadn’theardfromhisfriend,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.→7.Theytriedtheirbesttosavetheman.Heisdying.→Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthehousesbelowlookedliketinytoys.Notknowinghowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.Nothavingheardfromhisfriend,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.Theytriedtheirbesttosavethedyingman.YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳一二三四8.Theroadisunderconstruction,andthuscausedthedelay.→9.Shesatatthedeskanddidherhomework.→10.EvenifItakeataxi,Iwillstillbelateforthemeeting.→Theroadisunderconstruction,thuscausingthedelay.Shesatatthedeskdoingherhomework.Eveniftakingataxi,Iwillstillbelateforthemeeting.YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳121.Juliewasatacrossroads.朱丽叶在十字路口。考点crossroadsn.十字路口Theaccidenttookplaceatacrossroads.那次事故发生在一个十字路口。Goontillyougettothecrossroads.继续往前走,一直走到那个十字路口。crossroads是个合成词,由cross+roads合成。再如:crossword=cross+word纵横填字游戏crosstalk=cross+talk相声crosslegged=cross+legged盘着腿YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳12活学活用单句改错1)Acrossroadisaplacewheretworoadsmeetandcross.2)Wewentstraightontillwereachedthenextcrossroad.crossroad→crossroadscrossroad→crossroadsYUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳122.Grammar:动词-ing形式做定语和状语本单元的语法项目是“动词-ing形式做定语和状语”。对于动词-ing形式做定语的用法我们在上一单元中已经学习过了,现在我们主要来看一下动词-ing形式做状语的用法以及它与过去分词的区别。考点一动词-ing形式做状语1)动词-ing形式(短语)可以在句子中做状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况。其基本句型是“动词-ing形式(短语),主语+谓语+其他句子成分”。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳122)动词-ing形式的高考考点如下表:序号内容注意事项考点1动词-ing形式做原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句动词-ing形式做原因状语时要特别注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。(1)当动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或近于同时发生时,要使用一般形式。如:Notknowingmycellphonenumber,theycouldn’tgetintouchwithme.由于不知道我的手机号码,他们无法跟我取得联系。(2)当动词-ing形式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生时,用完成式。如:Nothavingcompletedtheprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.由于没完成这个项目,他们必须在那里再待两周。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳12序号内容注意事项考点2动词-ing形式做时间状语动词-ing形式做时间状语时,可以转换为一个时间状语从句。动词-ing形式的完成式做状语的情况经常出现,应注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。(1)当动词-ing形式的动作一发生,主句的动作随之也发生时,可以用动词-ing形式做状语,放在前面,译作“当……的时候”,此时它可以转换成“on+动词-ing”结构。能够用于这种用法的动词都是瞬间动词。如:look,hear,see,return,open,leave,close等。如:Hearingthenews,theycouldn’thelpjumping.=Onhearingthenews,theycouldn’thelpjumping.听到这个消息时,他们禁不住跳了起来。YUXIDAOYIN预习导引HEXINGUINA核心归纳12序号内容注意事项考点2动词-ing形式做时间状语(2)当动词-ing形式的动作正在进行时主句的动作发生了,此时可以用动词-ing形式做状语,译作“当……的时候”,但它前面一般加when或while。如:Whenleavingthestation,hewavedagainandagaintome.离开车站的时候,他向我频频挥手。(3)当动词-ing形式的动作完成以后,主句的动作才发生时,用动词-ing形式的完