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-1-SectionⅡGrammar自主预习合作学习一二三一、根据汉语提示,用适当的关系词填空1.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。AncientChinawasaplacestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.2.孔子(公元前551—公元前479)是影响最大的哲学家。Confucius(551BC—479BC)isthephilosopherinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.3.孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。Menciusbelievedthatthereasonmanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.wherewhosewhy自主预习合作学习一二三4.墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。Moziwasanotherteacherwasveryinfluential.5.他于公元前476年出生于一个贫穷的家庭。Bornin476BC,hecamefromafamilywasverypoor.6.结果,他用了很多年的时间去寻找一个人民会遵循他的学说思想的国家。Asaresult,hespentmanyyearstryingtofindastatepeoplewouldfollowhisteachings.whowhichwhere自主预习合作学习一二三二、选择正确的单词填空thatwhowhomwhichwhosewhenwhere1.Iknowagirlmotherisapianist.2.IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametotheschool.3.Thenumberofthepeoplecometovisitthecityeachyearriseslittlebylittle.4.Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.5.Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.6.Thedoctorwemetjustnowisstrictinhiswork.whosewhenthat/whowhich/thatwherewho/whom/that自主预习合作学习一二三三、用适当的“介词+连词”填空1.Lastyearmyparentswenttothefarmtheyhadstayedfor30years.2.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,wearegreatlyproud.3.Heloveshisgrandparents,botharekindtohim.4.Thewatchheislookingisveryexpensive.5.Themanyoutalkedisalawyer.onwhichofwhichofwhomforwhichwithwhom/towhom自主预习合作学习Grammar定语从句的概念用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后,这种名词(或代词)被称作先行词;引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。自主预习合作学习关系词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分例句关系代词who人主语、宾语ThemanwhoIsawiscalledJim.whom人宾语Hereisthemanwhom/who/thatyouarelookingfor.which物主语、宾语、表语、定语I’vegotanovelwhichyoumayliketoread.that人或物主语、宾语、表语Viewsthatareentirelynewmayalsobehardtoaccept.whose人或物定语Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourdeskmate?限制性定语从句的关系词自主预习合作学习关系词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分例句关系副词when时间名词时间状语Wedon’tknowtheexacttimewhenthepartywillbeheld.where地点名词地点状语Theplacewherewe’retohavetheSpeechContesthasnotbeendecidedyet.whyreason原因状语Hedidn’ttellherthereasonwhyhewassohappy.自主预习合作学习定语从句的用法★考点一关系词的选择:若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语则选择关系代词;若先行词在从句中作状语,则选择关系副词。语法填空①Iknowaplacewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个可以野炊的地方。②Iknowaplaceisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。③Iwillneverforgetthedayswespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。自主预习合作学习④Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。⑤Thisisthereasonhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。⑥Thisisthereasonheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。答案:①where②which/that③when④that/which/不填⑤why⑥that/which/不填自主预习合作学习★考点二只用that,不用which的情况。(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,little,few,much或被它们修饰时;(2)先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时;(3)先行词既有人又有物时;(4)在以which/who为疑问词的特殊疑问句中;(5)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。自主预习合作学习语法填空并翻译①Hedidallhecouldtohelpus.翻译:答案:that他尽了最大努力帮助我们。②ThisisthefirstnovelIhaveeverread.翻译:答案:that这是我曾经读过的第一部小说。③Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.翻译:答案:that他谈论了他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。自主预习合作学习④Whoisthemancalledonyoujustnow?翻译:答案:that刚才拜访你的那个人是谁?⑤Heisnolongerthemanheusedtobe.翻译:答案:that他已不再是以前的那个他了。自主预习合作学习★考点三以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导,而且通常可以省略。完成句子Idon’tlikethewayhetalks.我不喜欢他说话的方式。答案:inwhich/that/不填★考点四以time(次数)为先行词,定语从句的引导词常用that。完成句子ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.这是我第一次来到这儿。答案:that自主预习合作学习★考点五先行词为reason,定语从句的引导词分两种情况:如果定语从句缺少主语或者宾语或者表语,先行词用关系代词that/which,作宾语时可以省略;如果从句完整,不缺主语或者宾语或者表语,先行词用关系副词why/forwhich/不填。完成句子Idon’tknowthereasonhewassoangry.我不知道他如此生气的原因。答案:why/forwhich★考点六whose引导定语从句,在定语从句中作定语。完成句子Ivisitedascientistnameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一位全国知名的科学家。答案:whose自主预习合作学习★考点七介词+关系代词考点延伸(1)当关系词作介词宾语时,将介词置于关系词之前时,用whom指代人;用which指代物。语法填空并翻译①GuncontrolisasubjectaboutAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.翻译:答案:which枪支管制是美国人争论已久的话题。②ThatisthewriterwithItalkedjustnow.翻译:答案:whom那就是刚才和我谈话的那个作家。自主预习合作学习(2)“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择主要根据先行词和从句中动词或形容词的固定搭配来确定。语法填空并翻译①Isthatthenewspaperwhichyouoftenwritearticles?翻译:答案:for这是那家你经常投稿的报纸吗?②Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdswhomhavebeentoBeijing.翻译:答案:of在我们班有50名学生,其中有三分之二去过北京。自主预习合作学习(3)whose引导定语从句,相当于“of+关系代词”。句型转换Theyliveinahouse,whosewindowfacesthesouth.→Theyliveinahouse,thewindow/thewindowfacesthesouth.答案:ofwhich;ofwhich自主预习合作学习自主预习合作学习