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-1-SectionⅡGrammar新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习一二一、观察下列句子,完成练习1.Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinycobbledstreetsthattouristsgetlostin.2.Theysitinsmallcirclesinthesquare,withtheirbabiesontheirbacks,completelyuninterestedinthetourists!3.Passedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies,and...4.ADaifamilyputusupintheirhomeforaweek.5.Everyonelistenedasifsomeonehadputaspellonthem.[自我总结]上述句子中,1、2、3为过去分词短语作,4、5为短语动词作。状语谓语新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习一二二、仿照例句改写句子Example:Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itismorebeautiful.→Seenfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.1.IfIweregivenanhour,Iwouldfinishthework.→2.Asshewasscoldedbytheteacher,thegirlsattherewithoutliftingherhead.→答案:1.Givenanhour,Iwouldfinishthework.答案:Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlsattherewithoutliftingherhead.新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习一二3.Theoldmanwentintotheroom,andhewassupportedbyhiswife.→4.Thoughhewasdefeatedagain,hedidn’tloseheart.→5.Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.→答案:Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.答案:Defeatedagain,hedidn’tloseheart.答案:Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习一、过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语是非谓语动词的重点之一,也是历年高考的重要考点之一,下面就对过去分词(短语)作状语的用法进行归纳。★考点一过去分词(短语)作状语的功能过去分词(短语)作状语,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况。1.过去分词作状语表示被动和完成的动作。考点延伸完成句子。①因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。,thisarticleisnotsogood.答案:Writteninahurry新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习2.过去分词(短语)作状语,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,此时应注意人称一致,而且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系,即被动关系。语法填空。②虽然这个房子建于30年前,但是现在依然很漂亮。(build)thirtyyearsago,thehousestilllooksverybeautiful.答案:Built新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习3.过去分词(短语)作状语可转化为句子。(1)过去分词(短语)作时间状语,可转化为when,while或after等引导的时间状语从句。注意作时间状语时,过去分词如果同时表被动和动作完成,常可换用现在分词的被动完成式;过去分词如果只表被动,不表完成,则不可与现在分词的被动完成式换用。同义句转换。③Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.,itlooksmorebeautiful.答案:Whentheparkisseenfromthetopofthehill新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习(2)过去分词(短语)作条件状语,可转化为if,once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。同义句转换。④Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.答案:IfIamgivenanotherhour(3)过去分词(短语)作原因状语,可转化为as,since或because等引导的原因状语从句。同义句转换。⑤Frightenedbythenoiseinthenight,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepinherroom.→,shedidn’tdaretosleepinherroom.答案:Becausethegirlwasfrightenedbythenoiseinthenight新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习(4)过去分词(短语)作让步状语,可转化为although,though或evenif等引导的让步状语从句。同义句转换。⑥Exhaustedbyourclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.,wecontinuedourjourney.答案:Althoughwewereexhaustedbyourclimb(5)过去分词(短语)作伴随状语,一般可转化为并列结构。同义句转换。⑦AuntWucamein,followedbyherdaughter.AuntWucamein.答案:andshewasfollowedbyherdaughter新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习注意状语从句改为过去分词(短语)作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。⑧Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.当你做体检时,要保持镇静。有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦)。4.过去分词作状语时的位置(1)过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;(2)作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;(3)作方式状语时,通常放在句末,有时也放在句首;(4)作让步状语时,通常放在句首,有时也放在句末。新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习★考点二使用过去分词(短语)作状语时容易出错的两种情况。1.忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是主句主语。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致,则可以用下列方法来修正:(1)给分词添加自己的主语,构成独立主格结构;(2)把分词改变语态(现在分词与过去分词转换);(3)改为相应的状语从句来表达;(4)用with的复合结构。新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习8)同义句转换。Finishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.⑨,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(独立主格结构)⑩,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(改变语态,用现在分词短语),theywentouttoplayfootball.(相应的状语从句),thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(with的复合结构)TheirhomeworkfinishedHavingfinishedtheirhomeworkAfterthechildrenfinishedtheirhomeworkWiththeirhomeworkfinished新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习2.有些含有分词的固定插入语,其逻辑主语不要求与主句主语一致,也就是说它们的主句主语与从句的主语没有语法关系。这类词常见的有:judgingfrom/by(根据……来判断);generally/frankly/exactlyspeaking(一般来说/坦率地说/确切地说);taking...intoconsideration(考虑到);including(包括);supposing/supposethat(假使);provided/providing(如果);seeing(考虑到)等。9)完成句子。从外表看,他是一位富翁。,heisawealthyman.一般来说,付出的越多,得到的就越多。,themoreyoupay,themoreyouget.JudgingfromhisappearanceGenerallyspeaking新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习二、短语动词概说:短语动词是由动词加副词或介词等构成的。★考点一动词+副词常见的一些“动词+副词”短语及其含义:tryout试验lookaround环视breakup打碎;终止buildup逐步建立;增强blowout吹灭;爆裂breakout爆发breakdown出故障;垮掉;分解;拆毁bringdown降低;击败breakoff中断;绝交handover移交新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习考点延伸完成句子。①约翰进屋时摘下了帽子。Johntookhishatasheenteredtheroom.答案:off②玛丽戴上帽子离开了房间。Maryputherhatandlefttheroom.答案:on③你挑选了哪一本书给海伦呢?WhichbookdidyoupicktosendtoHelen?答案:out④站得太久了,坐下来休息真是一件愉快的事。Afterstandingforsolong,itwasapleasuretositandrest.答案:down新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习⑤我出去的时候有人给我打电话吗?DidanyonecallmewhileIwasout?答案:up⑥总统进来时,室内每个人都站了起来。WhenthePresidententered,everyoneintheroomstood.答案:up新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习★考点二动词+介词常见的一些“动词+介词”短语及其含义:carryon继续lookfor寻找lookafter照顾lookinto往……里看;调查考点延伸完成句子。⑦他对我们照顾得很好。Helookedusverywell.答案:after新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习★考点三动词+副词+介词breakawayfrom摆脱……lookoutof向……外看runoutof用完,耗尽comeupwith提出,想出lookforwardto期盼lookdownupon瞧不起完成句子。⑧向窗外看,你会看到一只风筝。Lookthewindowandyouwillseeakite.答案:outof⑨你能赶上前面那辆红色的车吗?Canyoucatchtheredcarahead?答案:upwith新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习⑩我们盼着快点见到你。Wearelookingseeingyousoon.答案:forwardto11你想成功的话就必须马上开始工作。Ifyouwanttosucceedyoumustgetyourworkrightnow.答案:downto12代表们提出了一项有关食品安全的提案。Therepresentativescameaproposalconcernedwithfoodsecurity.答案:upwith13半路上我们的汽油用完了。Wehaverunthegasonthehalfway.答案:outof新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习14不要瞧不起别人。Don’tlookothers.答案:downupon新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习新知导学答疑解惑随堂练习新知导学