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-1-SectionⅡGrammar自主预习合作学习一二三四一、阅读下列句子,完成题后练习1.Bythetimeitended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2,700hadbeeninjured.2.Bythelate1890s,hehadmovedtoGalveston.3.HesaidhehadbeentoBeijingtwice.4.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhehadbeenburiedinTexas!以上四个句子都使用了(时态)。其中,第一句和第四句为语态,句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者,即有关系;第二句和第三句为语态,句子的主语是谓语动词动作的发出者,即有关系。过去完成时被动动宾主动主谓自主预习合作学习一二三四二、根据给出的直接引语,完成下列句子1.I’veseenthatfilm.→Hesaidthatseenthatfilm.2.I’lldoitafterclass.→Hesaidthathedoitafterclass.3.Doyouenjoyreading?→Heaskedmereading.4.Whendidyougetupthismorning?→HeaskedmeIupmorning.hehadwouldif/whetherIenjoyewhenhadgotthat自主预习合作学习一二三四三、单句语法填空1.Reportssaidthatatleastsixpeople(kill).2.Weremindedthemthatthemeeting(put)offalready.3.BythetimeIarrived,thework(complete).4.Bythetimehewaseight,he(teach)toplaythepiano.5.He(mean)totakeagoodholidaythisyear,buthewasn’tabletogetaway.hadbeenkilledhadbeenputhadbeencompletedhadbeentaughthadmeant自主预习合作学习一二三四hadbeenpublishedhadbeenstolenhadvisitedhadbeenlost四、完成句子1.Hesaidthathisnovel(已经出版了).2.Thepolicefoundmyhandbagand,happily,nothing(被偷走).3.Theboytoldhisteacherthatthey(参观了)theexhibitionthedaybefore.4.Bytheendoflastyear,they(complete)theproject.自主预习合作学习12Shereturnedhomeandfoundallherfurniturehadbeenruinedbytheflood.(教材Page24)她回到家,发现她所有的家具都被洪水毁了。★考点ruinvt.毁坏Herbrightfuturewasruinedbytheaccident.这次事故毁了她美好的未来。考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义①Hiscarelessnessledtohisruin.他的粗心导致了他的毁灭。词性名词含义毁灭②WevisitedtheruinsofRome.我们参观了古罗马的遗迹。词性名词含义废墟;遗迹自主预习合作学习12Astormruinedthewholetownandwecouldseenothingbutruinsthere.暴风雨毁了整个城镇,我们除了一片废墟什么也看不到了。自主预习合作学习12自主预习合作学习12Grammar★考点一过去完成时的被动语态Theysoonrealisedtheyhadbeencheated.他们很快便意识到他们被骗了。考点延伸(1)阅读下列句子,体会过去完成时的用法①WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes.当我到电影院时,电影已开始10分钟了。②Wehadlearntfifteenlessonsbylastweek.到上周为止,我们已经学了15课。③Hehadstayedherefortwodaysbeforeheleft.他在这里待了两天后离开了。自主预习合作学习12④Wehadhardlystartedwhenitbegantorain.=Wehadnosoonerstartedthanitbegantorain.我们刚出发,就开始下雨。⑤Ihadhopedtoseeyou.我本希望来看你。自主预习合作学习12归纳①过去完成时表示动作或状态在过去某个时间或动作之前发生,即“过去的过去”。②“by+过去时间点”常与过去完成时连用。③当句中有before或after引导时间状语从句时,如果后发生的动作用一般过去时,则先发生的动作可用过去完成时,也可用一般过去时。④常用句型“hardly...when...”或“nosooner...than...”意为“刚……就……”,主句中用过去完成时,when/than从句中用一般过去时。⑤表示计划、打算或希望的动词,如expect,hope,mean,suppose,think,want,plan,intend等的过去完成时表示过去未实现的计划、打算等。自主预习合作学习12(2)阅读下列句子,体会被动语态的各种时态和构成形式①Visitorsarenotallowedtotouchtheexhibits.禁止参观者触摸展品。时态一般现在时形式am/is/are+过去分词②Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeenmade.那项任务的所有准备工作已经完成。时态现在完成时形式have/hasbeen+过去分词③Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.这里正在建造一个新影院。时态现在进行时形式am/is/are+being+过去分词④IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.我被给予10分钟来决定是否接受提议。时态一般过去时形式was/were+过去分词自主预习合作学习12⑤Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewstadiumhadbeenbuiltinBeijing.到去年年底,北京已经建成了另一座新的体育馆。时态过去完成时形式hadbeen+过去分词⑥AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIarrivedthere.我到那里时,那里正在开会。时态过去进行时形式was/were+being+过去分词⑦Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthesteelworkscloses.如果钢厂关门,将失去数百工作岗位。时态一般将来时形式willbe+过去分词自主预习合作学习12自主预习合作学习12★考点二间接引语Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.她说她丢了一支钢笔。考点延伸(1)阅读下列句子,体会时态的变化①Thegirlsaid,“Iamveryhappynow.”→Thegirlsaidthatshewasveryhappythen.时态变化一般现在时变成一般过去时②Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.时态变化现在进行时变成过去进行时自主预习合作学习12③Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”→MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.时态变化现在完成时变成过去完成时④“Whydidsherefusetocomehere?”theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.时态变化一般过去时变成过去完成时⑤Hesaid,“Iwillgoandgetit.”→Hesaidthathewouldgoandgetit.时态变化一般将来时变成过去将来时自主预习合作学习12⑥Motheraskedme,“Hadyoumadeadecisionbeforeyoureturnedhome?”→MotheraskedmewhetherIhadmadeadecisionbeforeIreturnedhome.时态变化过去完成时时态不变⑦Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”→Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.时态变化过去进行时时态不变⑧Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”→Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.时态变化当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,一般过去时不变自主预习合作学习12⑨Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.时态变化当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象或格言、谚语时,时态不变(2)阅读下列句子,体会代词的变化①Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.②“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.→MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.③Shesaidtoherson,“I’llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”→Shetoldhersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.④Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.自主预习合作学习12(3)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词或词组的变化①Shesaid,“Iwon’tcomehereanymore.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.②Hesaid,“I’moutnow.”→Hesaidthathewasoutthen.③Hesaid,“Iwanttoleavetoday.”→Hesaidthathewantedtoleavethatday.④Hesaid,“Sheleftyesterday.”→Hesaidthatshehadleftthedaybefore.⑤Shesaid,“I’lltellyoutomorrow.”→Shesaidthatshewouldtellmethenextday.自主预习合作学习12(4)阅读下列句子,体会句式的变化①Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI.”→Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.②Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?”→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIoftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.③Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgotothecinematonight?”→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotothecinemathatnight.④Heasked,“Wheredoyo