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第二部分语法精析专题一语法填空形容词和副词第四节形容词和副词增分训练PART1形容词和副词解析考查形容词的比较级。根据其后的“thantheyactuallyare”可知，此处用形容词的比较级，故填higher。1.Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements，leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2019·全国Ⅰ)higher考点一考查形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal，runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannon-runners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)longer解析考查副词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。3.Thatmakesherbabyscream，andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe(loud)ofall.(2018·全国Ⅲ)loudest解析考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的ofall可知要用最高级。4.Therecouldbeaneven(high)costonyourhealth.(2018·6月浙江)higher解析考查形容词的比较级。“副词even＋比较级”表示“更……”，强调程度。5.Even(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全国Ⅰ)worse解析考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。evenworse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。6.Sixteenyears(early)，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.(2017·6月浙江)earlier解析考查副词的比较级。sixteenyearsearlier意为“早在16年前”。[技法指导]提示词为形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，如果不需要改变词性和含义的话，则需要填该词的比较级或者最高级。1.比较级的标志词①填空处后有than，用比较级。如果有as，则用原级。②填空处前有even，much，far，rather，alittle，bit及倍数(twice，threetimes)等，用比较级。2.最高级的标志词①填空处后有ofall/among等表范围，用最高级。②填空处前有oneofthe，the＋序数词，定冠词the，则用最高级。3.固定句型①the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...越……越……②比较级＋and＋比较级越来越……③否定词＋比较级＝最高级④“(倍数)＋as＋原级＋as”结构⑤morethan＋adj.表示“非常……”4.比较级最高级的不规则变化good/well－better－bestbad－worse－worstbadly－worse－worstmany/much－more－mostlittle－less－leastfar－farther－farthest(指距离)/far－further－furthest(指距离和抽象概念)解析考查副词用法。根据句意和句子结构分析可知，此处副词poorly修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied。故填poorly。1.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied.(2019·全国Ⅰ)poorly考点二形容词变副词形容词+ly变副词2.Heryearsofhardworkhave______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.(2019·全国Ⅱ)finally解析考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词havebeenacknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。3.TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere_______(huge)popularwithtourists.(2019·全国Ⅲ)hugely解析考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词形式为hugely，故填hugely。4.(recent)，caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange，apple，andotherflavoreddrinks.(2018·11月浙江)Recently解析考查副词。句意为：最近，咖啡因已经进入了橙汁、苹果汁和其他风味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词。故填Recently。5.Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings，cardriverscan(easy)seethem.(2019·6月浙江)easily解析考查副词。分析句子结构可知，设空处所给词修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式，故填easily。6.Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange.(2018·全国Ⅱ)actually解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。修饰动词用形容词actual的副词形式actually。7.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全国Ⅱ)fairly解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。8.Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2017·全国Ⅲ)certainly解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun，故填形容词certain的副词形式certainly。[技法指导]1.根据句意和句子结构，判断是填形容词还是副词。原则唯一：形容词修饰名词或者代词副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词2.如果确定需要填副词，要注意形容词变副词的规律。①一般情况：直接加lyquick→quicklybrave→bravelyimmediate→immediately②大多数“辅音字母＋e”结尾的形容词直接加lyunfortunate→unfortunatelyabsolute→absolutelyattractive→attractively③“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加lyhappy→happilyheavy→heavilysteady→steadily④以-al结尾的形容词，变副词直接加lytypical→typicallyeventual→eventuallyoccasional→occasionallynormal→normallygradual→gradually⑤“辅音字母＋le”结尾的形容词，去e加ysimple→simplygentle→gentlycomfortable→comfortablypossible→possiblyreasonable→reasonablyprobable→probably⑥特殊true→truly⑦以-ll结尾只加yfull→fullydull→dully⑧以-ic结尾加allybasic→basicallyscientific→scientificallyautomatic→automatically⑨特别注意whole→whollyshy→shylydry→drylygood→wellhard既是形容词又是副词hardly是副词意为“几乎不”fairadj.公平的，头发浅色的，皮肤白的，美丽的，相当的n.集市fairlyadv.相当地，公平地，竟然以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，deadly，likely，monthly，yearly，daily，weekly，neighbourlyOnourwaytothehouse，itwasraininghardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.(2019·全国Ⅲ)so解析考查副词。句意为：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们禁不住想还要多久才能到达那里。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。考点三考查基本用法2019新考点[技法指导]1.形容词修饰名词或者代词。2.副词修饰动词、形容词或者副词本身。3.尤其关注“so＋adj./adv.＋that”句型。PART2增分训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Internetusershave________(broad)welcomedthemove，sayingthisisablessingforChinesestudentswhowanttoenterCambridge.增分单句训练broadly解析此处应该用副词修饰动词welcome，所以用broadly。2.Theyarepretendingtokeepahealthyandwiseattitudetowardfailure_______(simple)becausethey’reincapableofsucceeding.simply解析此处需要副词修饰整个原因状语从句。simple变成副词需要去e加y，故填simply。3.“IthinkAIisgoingtobe(great)importantforwhatwedo，”saidJonSnoddy，anofficialoftheentertainmentcompany.greatly解析此处需要修饰形容词important，所以需要用副词形式，即greatly。4.Justtakealookatarecentstudywhereresearchersfoundthatthefrontpocketsonwomen’sjeansare40percent(short)and6.5percentnarrowerthanthoseonmen’s.shorter解析根据后面的than及and后面的平行结构narrower可知，此处应该用比较级，故填shorter。5.Chinahassplendidculturewithalonghistory.Chineseoperaisoneofthe______(old)dramaticartformsintheworld.oldest解析第二句句意为：中国戏曲是世界上最古老的戏剧艺术形式之一。此处是“oneof＋the＋最高级＋名词复数”结构。所以此处用最高级oldest。6.However，itcouldleadtoamuch(deep)understandingofhowweallremembertheworldaroundus.deeper解析amuchdeeperunderstanding一个更深入的了解，much用来修饰deep的比较级。故填deeper。7.Scullinfoundstudentswhosleptmoreperformed(well)intwodifferentclasses，andhepublishedhisfindingsintwoacademicpublicat