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专题二阅读理解真题感悟名师点津随堂限时练第一节细节理解题二、间接信息题PART1真题感悟(2019·全国Ⅰ，A)NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills，findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince，youcouldbeeligible(符合条件的)forthisprogram，whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible：Youth15－18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15－29，returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire，butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram，studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService，itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了学生在暑假可以兼职的四个项目。21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.解析细节理解题。根据SummerCompany中的“SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.”可知，这个项目给创业的学生提供高达三千美元的奖金。√22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15－18.B.15－24.C.15－29.D.16－17.解析细节理解题。根据StewardshipYouthRangerProgram中的“Whoiseligible：Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire，butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知，学生的年龄范围应该在16～17岁，故选D。√23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.解析细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.”可知，SummerEmploymentOpportunities对残疾人放宽了年龄限制，给予了特殊照顾，故选D。√PART2名师点津一、题型解读1.话题特点常考查间接信息理解类的话题有：(1)人物类；(2)故事类；(3)文化教育类；(4)史地自然类；(5)社会生活类；(6)科普说明类。2.设问形式特殊疑问句形式或填空形式：(1)Accordingtotheauthor/passage，...(2)Whatcanwelearnabout...?(3)Whatis/wasthereasonfor...?二、解题技巧——“断章取义”定答案第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息；第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式；第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。如[真题感悟]第23题题干中的disabled与原文“Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.”中的disability属于同根词复现，可知答案为D项。(3)语言简化。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。PART3随堂限时练A(2019·福建厦门质检)Manyofthemost1strikingbeastsontheplanetcomeinonlytwocolors：blackandwhite.Thesehigh-contrastmarkingsrepresentsomeofthenature’smost2diverseevolutionarychoices.Forsomeanimals，black-and-whitecoloringisawaytowarnoffnaturalenemies.Forothers，tokeepinsectsaway.Forstillothers，itcreatesaclever8cover.Spendsometimeexploringwhatsciencehasdiscoveredabouttheseanimals’appearances，andyouwillseethatbasicblackandwhiteisn’tsobasicafterall.SkunkDependingonthespecies，blackskunksmaywearwhitespotsthatactasacoverorwhitestripes(条纹)thatsignalenemiestowatchoutfortheirsmellyspray.GiantPandaRecentinsightsintopandacoloringhavecomefromstudyingeachbodypart3separately.Blackearsindicatefierceness，anddistincteyepatchesaidinindividualrecognition.Thepandainwhilebodyhidesitagainstsnow，whileitsdarklimbs(四肢)keepitfrombeing6spottedinforests，a4compromisedevelopedfromitspoorbamboodiet.Bamboodoesn’tletpandasbuildupenoughfattohibernate(冬眠)，forcingthemtospendwintersinthesnow.BadgerEvenwhenabadgerisinitscave，itsfacialstripescanbeseen.Zoologistssaythewarningcolorationhelpsthesmallanimalpreventnaturalenemies.Blackbuck(male)10Inbrightsun，thebuck’swhitestomachreducestheeffectoftheshadowcastbyhisback，allowinghimtoappearonecolorandtwodimensional—especiallyhidingfromnaturalenemiesinhisownshadow.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。自然多样性进化选择的一种结果是世界上很多引人注目的野兽都只有黑白两种颜色。这两种颜色帮助一些动物吓走天敌，帮助一些动物远离昆虫，还可以帮助一些动物隐藏。文章以臭鼬、大熊猫、獾、雄性的印度羚四种动物为例，进一步证明了黑白色不是那么简单。1.Whichanimalscanusetheircolorstowarnoffnaturalenemies?A.SkunkandBadger.B.GiantpandaandZebra.C.BadgerandBlackbuck.D.ZebraandBlackbuck.解析细节理解题。由Skunk小标题下的内容可知，臭鼬身上白色的条纹是用来暗示敌人小心它喷出恶臭的液体；由Badger小标题下的内容可知，獾脸上的条纹可以帮助它远离天敌。故A项正确。√2.Whitebodyanddarklimbshelpthegiantpandato.A.showfiercenessB.storefatC.recognizeindividualsD.takecover解析细节理解题。由GiantPanda小标题下的“Thepandainwhilebodyhidesitagainstsnow，whileitsdarklimbs(四肢)keepitfrombeingspottedinforests...”可知，takecover(躲藏，隐蔽)与“keepitfrombeingspotted”是近义词组，故D项正确。√3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whichanimalshaveblack-and-whitecolor.B.Howsomeanimals7protectthemselvesfromharm.C.Whysomanyanimalswearblack-and-whitecoats.D.Whatsciencehasdiscoveredaboutdifferentcolors.解析主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后一句“Spendsometimeexploringwhatsciencehasdiscoveredabouttheseanimals’appearances，andyouwillseethatbasicblackandwhiteisn’tsobasicafterall.”可知，作者想和大家一起分享科学家们对这些动物外观的研究成果，让大家