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专题二阅读理解真题感悟名师点津随堂限时练第二节推理判断题一、细节推断题PART1真题感悟(2019·全国Ⅱ，B)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择)，andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule，orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup，“Alright.Yes，I’lldoit.”I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule，sendsoutemails，andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway，thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still，mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore：Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime，money，skills，orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense，I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However，ifothersbenefitintheprocess，andIgetsomerewardtoo，doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者成功地说服了一名家长参加志愿者团队；而作为一名志愿者，作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。24.WhatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1?A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn’tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn’twanttovolunteer.D.She’sunabletomeetherschedule.解析推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择)，andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”可知，这位家长要求把她当作最后的选择，如果没有其他的志愿者，她再做。由此可推断出，她不想做志愿者。故选C。√25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.解析词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句的前一句“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.”和后一句“ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...”可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。由此可知，画线处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。√26.WhatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromParagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.解析推理判断题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及“thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam”可知，她最终成了志愿者队伍中重要的一员，也就是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。√27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime，money，skills，orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的乐趣，参加志愿者活动使她感觉很快乐。故选B。√PART2名师点津一、题型解读细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat.2.Whatcanweinfer/learnfrom...?3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.4.Thepassage/story...indicates/suggests/impliesthat.二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。例如：[真题感悟]中的24题，根据文章第一段第一句“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择)，andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”可推断出，她不想做志愿者。故选C。PART3随堂限时练AThisweek，amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite，whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst，theycouldn’t1figureoutwhattheywereseeing.“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，”BristletellsAnnArborNews.“Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post.”Uponcloser6inspection，however，itbecamecleareventountrainedeyesthiswasnofencepost.“Weknewitwassomethingspecial.”Thentheyspedupthedig.AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight，BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.ScientistDanielFisherarrivedtoinspectitWednesday，andbyThursdaymorninghehad2confirmedit’sawoollymammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans，hesays，whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayof7preservingthemeatforfutureuse.It’s4stilltooearlytotellexactlyhowitdied，FishertellsDetroit’sWWJ-TV，“buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”11Thebonesarebeing3temporarilystorednearby，accordingtotheFreePress，anditremainsunclearwherethey’lleventuallyendup.Theirresearchvaluewillbedeterminedoncethey’vebeencleanedanddried.WoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica，andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsago—ademise(终止)thathasbeenlinkednotonlytohumans，butalsotochangingclimate.It’snowbelievedthatwarmingweather8weakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.语篇解读一位农民及其邻居在底特律附近的地里发现了猛犸象的尸骨，迹象表明它们是被人类捕杀的。科学家们对此正在进行进一步的研究。1.HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sold.C.It’sunique.D.It’sworthless.解析推理判断题。根据第二