搜索
专题二阅读理解真题感悟名师点津随堂限时练第二节推理判断题四、文章出处或读者对象题PART1真题感悟(2019·全国Ⅲ，D)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”DrLivingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院科学家MargaretLivingstone带领他的团队通过反复实验得出结论：猴子能算算术，且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.解析细节理解题。根据第二段首句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案为C。√33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.解析细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.”可知答案为B。√34.WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。故选A。√35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.解析文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得出猴子能够算算术的结论。由此可知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。故选D。√PART2名师点津一、题型解读几乎所有话题都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。设问形式常有：(1)Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin.(2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof.(3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?(4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor.(5)Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?二、解题技巧——内容细节巧判断1.利用内容判断文章出处(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper(2)推销介绍新产品→advertisement(3)文章中有clickhere等网络用语→website(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍→travelguide(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine/journal/entertainmentsection(6)科普知识→sciencereport(7)文化教育类文章→educationsection2.利用内容判断文章类别(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travelguide(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertisement(3)活动介绍：notice/announcement(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news(5)科普知识/研究介绍：sciencereport/studyreport3.确定读者对象先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节判断读者对象。例如：[真题感悟]中第35题，通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家MargaretLivingstone带领他的研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故选D项。PART3随堂限时练A(2019·湖北十堰模拟)Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious，asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症)8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt”(neckpainwasoftenreported)and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandget2attachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorMarkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4counts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout).“WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffiths.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheycan’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchatorInstagram，they