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语法专题（十二）主谓一致考点一语法一致原则语法一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。用法例句不可数名词、单数名词/代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式Runningeverymorningisgoodforus.每天早晨跑步对我们有益。Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是真的。用法例句①用and连接两个或两个以上表示不同的人、事物或概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式;若两个名词指同一个人、同一事物或概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,morethana(n),manya(n)等修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式JoanandMaryareCanadians.琼和玛丽是加拿大人。Thedoctorandwriterisveryfamous.这位医生兼作家非常有名。Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom.所有学生和老师都在房间里。Noboyandnogirllikesit.男生和女生都不喜欢它。用法例句主语为each或由every-,any-,no-等构成的复合不定代词时,谓语动词一般用单数形式EachofushasanEnglishdictionary.我们人手一本英语词典。Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”(表示“某某夫妇”或“某某一家人”)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式TheBrownsareplayingbasketball.布朗一家正在打篮球。用法例句主语前若有all,some,half,enough等或threefourths(3/4)等分数修饰时,谓语动词的数视名词而定。若主语为可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式Allthemeatsmellsterrible.所有的肉闻起来都坏了。Threefifthsoftheworkersinthefactoryaremen.工厂五分之三的工人是男性。用法例句一些表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词,如glasses,trousers,gloves,scissors等,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。若用pair等词修饰,谓语动词的单复数形式则由pair等词的单复数形式决定Myglassesareold.Iwanttobuyanewpair.我的眼镜旧了。我想买副新的。Apairofnewshoesisgiventohimasapresentbyhisgrandma.他奶奶送给他一双新鞋作为礼物。主语后有with,togetherwith,but,except,aswellas等引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致,即“就远原则”Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.那个老师和他的学生将去参观博物馆。考点二意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义上处理主谓一致关系。谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表示的概念。用法例句有些词如maths,news,physics虽以-s结尾,但表示单数意义。其作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式Mathsisoneofthemostimportantsubjects.数学是最重要的学科之一。一些集合名词,如family,class,group,team等,作主语,强调整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;强调个体时,谓语动词用复数形式Myfamilyarehavingsuppernow.我们一家人正在吃晚饭。Myfamilyisahappyone.我家是一个幸福的家庭。用法例句all,either,neither,most,some作主语时,若代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式;若代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式Nowallisgoingwell.目前一切进展顺利。Allarehere,andnobodyisabsent.所有人都在这,没人缺席。“分数或百分数+of+名词”以及“alotof/lotsof/halfof/therestof/(a)partof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词决定Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfires.很多损失是火灾造成的。用法例句表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词的复数形式作主语时常看成一个整体,其谓语动词用单数形式Fivepoundsisenough.五英镑就足够了。“the+形容词”表示“具有某种特征的一类人”,其作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式Theyoungusuallyhavealotoffriends.年轻人通常有许多朋友。用法例句名词所有格之后的名词被省略,表示“商店、工厂、住宅”等意义,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式Thedoctor'sisacrossfromthestreet.诊所在街道的对面。“anumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50.我们班学生的数量是50。考点三就近一致原则就近一致原则是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。用法例句or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的形式要由离谓语最近的主语来确定NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMaryarefondofwatchingtelevision.不仅我而且汤姆和玛丽也喜欢看电视。EitherIorheisright.要么我对了,要么他对了。在therebe句型中,谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致Therearetwotreesandahorsebehindthehouse.房后有两棵树和一匹马。用法例句在here引导的句子中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致Hereisanapple,twoorangesandsomepeachesforyou.这是给你的一个苹果、两个橘子和一些桃。对接中考专练Ⅰ.单项选择1.Andy,you'dbetternoteatmeatonly.Youshouldknowmilkandfruitgoodforyou.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.Thenumberoftheteachersinourschoolgreatlyincreasedsincelastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschoolfromthecountryside.A.has;isB.has;areC.were;areD.were;isBB对接中考专练3.JennyandherparentsgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrow.A.isB.amC.areD.be4.Lookatthebigwindowinmybedroom.Nexttoitshelvesfullofmyfavouritetoys.A.areB.isC.wasD.were5.—David,thereadictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.—OK,Mum.I'lldoitrightaway.A.hasB.haveC.isD.areCAC对接中考专练6.Eachoftheclubmembersreadytohelpthosewhowereintrouble.A.isB.areC.wasD.were7.—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?—Yes.Anothertendaysenough.A.isB.wasC.areD.were8.—Mathsmyfavouritesubject.Whataboutyou?—Physics.Ithinkit'sveryinteresting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areCAA对接中考专练9.Look!Thepolicethefoodontothebankoftheriver.A.amcarryingB.iscarryingC.arecarryingD.arecarried10.IhearonethirdofthebooksinHuai'anLibrarynew.Let'sborrowsome.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereCB对接中考专练Ⅱ.根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Tendollars(be)enough.2.Bettywithherparents(be)goingcamping.3.Thepairofshoes(be)veryexpensive.4.Neitherwenorshe(have)beentothefarm.isisishas对接中考专练5.Doingmorningexercises(make)ushealthy.6.EveryoneexceptTomandMike(be)herewhentheteachercamein.7.SomeagreewithJim,buttherestofus(agree)withSam.8.TheSmiths(be)makingdumplingsinthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.makeswasagreewere