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专题十名词性从句考向分析名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在对what,that,whether,whatever,whichev-er,when,where,how等引导词的考查上,其中what和that是考查的重点。名词性从句的引导词单句填空考点清单语境运用1.Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.答案that句意:对于那些总是不放弃希望的人来说,发生任何事情都是有可能的,这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语,“anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope”为真正的主语;该从句结构完整,故由that引导。2.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomethatImightbuysomeflowersformyfriend'smother's60thbirthday.答案that句意:我突然有了一个很温馨的想法,我可以为我朋友的妈妈的六十大寿买些鲜花。本题考查同位语从句。“Imightbuysomeflowersformyfriend'smother's60thbirthday”作awarmthought的同位语。该从句不缺任何成分,故用that引导。单句改错3.Itisobvioustothestudentswhattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.what→that答案what→that在题干中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为students之后的主语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词,what应改为that。4.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonwhichthemeetingwouldbepostponed.which→that答案which→that在题干中,afternoon之后为notice的具体内容,即同位语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作为引导词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,从句要用陈述句语序。名词性从句的引导词如下表所示:用法精讲引导词功能从属连词that在从句中不作任何句子成分,没有词汇意义whether,if在从句中不作任何句子成分,意为“是否”because在从句中不作任何句子成分,意为“因为”连接代词who(ever),whom,what(ever),whose,which(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在从句中作宾语;which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语;whose在从句中作定语连接副词when(ever),where,wherever,why,how在从句中作状语考点一that引导的名词性从句1.that引导主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何词汇意义,但一般不可省略;that引导宾语从句时无词义,在从句中不作任何句子成分,口语中一般可以省略,但下列情况不能省略。(1)动词后跟多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,从第二个从句开始不可省略that;(2)宾语从句前有插入语时。Wehope,onthecontrary,thatyouwillrefusetohelphim.恰恰相反,我们希望你能拒绝帮助他。【点津】sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“态度、情感”的形容词后也可接宾语从句。Iamsurethatyouwillmakeitinspiteofallkindsofdifficulties.尽管有各种各样的困难,我确信你会成功的。2.为了平衡句子结构,that引导主语从句时常用it作形式主语,that不可省略。常见的句式有以下几种:(1)It+be+名词+that从句(如:Itisafact/pity/shame/surprisethat...);(2)It+be+形容词+that从句(如:Itisclear/important/necessary/obvious/pos-sible/strangethat...);(3)It+be+过去分词+that从句(如:Itisbelieved/reported/said/suggested/thoughtthat...);(4)It+特殊动词+that从句(如:Ithappenstosb.that...;Itoccurredtosb.that...;Itmattersthat...)。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethathehadgonetoAfrica.我突然想到他已去了非洲。【点津】在“It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/recom-mended/urged+that从句”结构中,从句用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。It'ssuggestedthatyou(should)setasidesometimetoworkouteveryday.建议你每天抽点时间锻炼。3.it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后有宾语补足语时,需用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有think,believe,consider,guess,make,find,suppose等。Ithinkitveryimportantthatyoushouldfollowtherule.我认为遵循这个规则很重要。(2)动词hate,like,dislike,appreciate,enjoy等表示“喜欢、厌恶”的动词以及动词短语seeto后常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。Ishallseetoitthatyourdogwillbetakengoodcareof.我会确保你的狗被照顾好。考点二what(ever)引导的名词性从句单句填空语境运用1.Whatisknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswasheldsuccessfullyinBeijing.答案What句意:众所周知,2008年奥运会在北京成功举行。分析题干可知,“isknowntousall”为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,再根据语境可知应用what引导主语从句。2.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.答案Whatever句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“youcando”为主语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“任何事情”,故答案为Whatever(相当于Any-thingthat)。3.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.答案what句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元,(20美元)是其过去收费的一半。本题考查宾语从句。逗号后面是$20的同位语,charge后面缺少宾语,故用what引导。单句改错4.Afterarrivingatschool,Idiscussedwithsomeclassmatesthatwecoulddo.that→what答案that→what句意:到达学校后,我和一些同学讨论了我们能做点什么。“thatwecoulddo”为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,且表示“物”,故用what而不是that引导。what(ever)引导名词性从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语,根据语境有不同的意义。—We'veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthatdo?—No,whatIamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerandstronger.用法精讲——我们只有这个小书架。它够用吗?——不。我要找的是一个更大更坚固的东西。Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobviouswhattheproblemitselfis.在解决问题之前,必须明确问题本身是什么。Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictoseewhatuseanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.让公众明白一项新发明对人类生活有什么用途并不总是容易的。考点三whether/if引导的名词性从句单句填空Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.语境运用答案whether/if句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据句意可知该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。1.whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词的宾语时一般用whether。Itdependsonwhetherhewillhelpus.那取决于他是否会帮助我们。用法精讲2.宾语从句位于句首或者宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。WhetherIwillcomebackontimeIamnotsureatthemoment.我能否按时回来,现在我还不确定。3.与ornot连用时用whether。Ididn'tknowwhetherornothehadpassedthetest.我不知道他是否已经通过了测试。4.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中使用whether。Whetherthemeetingwillbecalledoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.会议是否会被取消还没有决定。Thequestioniswhethertheycanfinishthetaskonschedule.问题是他们能否按时完成任务。5.whether常与or连用表示选择,if不能这样用。Thequestionofwhetherthehouseisbigorsmallisnotimportant.房子是大还是小这个事情不重要。考点四表语从句核心考点单句填空—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?语境运用答案why句意:——上周我开车去珠海观看航展了。——那就是你请几天假的原因吗?根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“请假的原因”。 1.主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等表示“建议,要求,命令”的名词时,表语从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”的形式。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)arriveatyourfriend'shomeearlierthantheappointedtime.我建议你比约定的时间早到你朋友家里。用法精讲2.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词使用that,而不是because或why。Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathewastoocareless.他考试不及格是由于太粗心了。3.why与because均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调原因。Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tattendschool.我感冒了,因此我没上学。Ididn'tattendschool.That'sbecauseIhadacold.我没去上学,那是因为我感冒了。考点五疑问代词+-ever与nomatter+疑问代词的区别单句填空Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewill