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专题七非谓语动词考向分析非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词,是重要的语法项目之一,也是每年高考的必考点。在语法填空题中,针对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,而短文改错针对非谓语动词的考查主要以非谓语动词作宾语、定语、状语等为重点。非谓语动词的基本结构与句法功能考点清单基本结构分类主动被动一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone现在分词/动名词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done句法功能主语宾语表语定语状语补足语不定式√√√√√√分词√√√√动名词√√√√续表一、非谓语动词作主语单句填空语境运用1.Astimeispressing,Ithinktaking/totake(take)ataxiisthebestwaytogetfromheretotheconferencecentre.答案taking/totake此处为动名词或不定式在从句中作主语。2.Itisnotnecessarybargain(bargain)onthissmallamount.答案tobargain“It+is+形容词+todosth.”为常用句式,It为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语。单句改错3.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddin-ner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.Have→Having答案Have→Havingprovides是主句的谓语动词,Havingtea...是动名词短语作主语,故Have应改为动名词形式。1.不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。 Playingwithfireisdangerous.()Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.()玩火危险。泛指玩火玩火会发生危险。指一次具体的动作动名词和不定式主语时的区别:用法精讲2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语。①Itis/was+ +doingsth.②Itis/wasworthdoing...Itisworthmakinganappointmentbeforeyougo.去之前预约一下是值得的。nouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/good 3.下列句型中常用不定式作主语。①It+be+名词+todosth.②Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.③It+be+difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary...+forsb.+todosth.④It+be+careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,silly,stupid,wise...+ofsb.todosth.It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.照顾好老人是我们的责任。Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?你花了多长时间来完成这项工作?Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninanhour.我们难以在一小时内完成这篇作文。Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。二、非谓语动词作宾语单句填空语境运用1.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.答案laying本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的includeddigging和下文的andthenbuilding可知,此处为并列的动名词作included的宾语。2.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeau-ty.答案toprove考查非谓语动词。wanttodosth.想要做某事。单句改错3.(2018课标全国卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.sell→selling答案sell→selling考查非谓语动词。句意:我爷爷说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了很多钱。根据句意可知,此处应该用“by+doingsth.”来表示方式。1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。用法精讲Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.我们约好了在这里见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。2.下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/putoff,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/ap-preciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can'thelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape。3.接动名词作宾语的短语或句式:beused/accustomedto,leadto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can'tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,bebusy,havedifficulty(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in),how/whatabout...,Thereisnosensein...。4.形式宾语it:当不定式作宾语时,如果后有形容词或名词作宾补,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语需要后置,放在宾补之后,即“主语+consider/think/find/feel/make/believe+it+adj./n.+todosth.”。三、非谓语动词作定语单句填空1.(2016课标全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVre-porterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.语境运用答案permitted考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语。2.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.答案spent句意:Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和他的学生们度过的快乐时光。空格处作thehappytime的后置定语,且表示被动完成,故空格处填过去分词spent。3.Theairportcompleted(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.答案tobecompleted空格处在句中作名词airport的后置定语,且二者是逻辑上的被动关系,动作是将来的,故应用不定式的被动形式。4.Therearemanydifferentwaystospend(spend)theirsparetime.答案tospend名词way之后常接不定式作后置定语。故空格处填tospend。1.非谓语动词作定语时的区别:过去分词done常表被动完成;现在分词doing常表主动进行,beingdone常表被动进行;不定式todo常表主动将来,tobedone常表被动将来。需要注意的是,不定式的进行式和完成式、现在分词的完成式一般不作定语。I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2012.我想让你看一下2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。用法精讲Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelfstandinginonecorner.除了一个书架立在角落,这间屋子空空的。TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.在我们准备在月球上长久停留之前,还有许多问题需要解决。2.ability,chance,idea,fact,attempt,moment,way,right等名词后常接不定式作后置定语。DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?你具备读写英语的能力吗?Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.我们承诺给任何出席晚会的人一个与那个影星合影的机会。四、非谓语动词作状语单句填空语境运用1.(2018课标全国卷Ⅰ)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlongtosee(see)thebenefit.答案tosee句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。本题考查非谓语动词。由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语You与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动形式tosee。2.(2018课标全国卷Ⅱ)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeding(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.答案feeding本题考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使用现在分词作时间状语。3.(2016课标全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikelytobring(bring)yourworkhome.答案tobring考查不定式。belikelytodosth.为固定短语,意为:有可能做某事。单句改错4.(2018课标全国