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专题（十）非谓语动词考点一动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形;否定形式为：notto+动词原形。2.动词不定式的用法功能用法例句作主语常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置。常用句型：Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.;Ittakessb.+时间段+todosth.Toswimherealoneisverydangerous.=It'sverydangeroustoswimherealone.独自在这儿游泳很危险。作表语常位于be动词后Myjobtodayistocleantheroom.我今天的工作是打扫房间。功能用法例句作宾语一般只作某些动词的宾语IdecidedtogoonatriptoDali.我决定去大理旅游。作宾语补足语在使役动词make,let,have和感官动词hear,see,watch等后面,省略toMissLimadeusdoExerciseOne.李老师让我们做练习一。作定语常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语Doyouhaveanythingtodo?你有要做的事吗?功能用法例句作状语一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语Igetupearlyeverymorningtocatchtheearlybus.我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班车。与疑问词构成不定式短语“疑问词what,how,who,which,when…+todo”在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等Shereallydidn'tknowwhattodonext.她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。3.动词不定式考点归纳(1)后跟不定式作宾语或宾补的动词(短语)：afford,begin/start,choose,decide,try,hope/wish,expect,agree,promise,happen,refuse,learn,seem,volunteer,fail,(would)like/love,want,ask,tell,allow,warn,encourage,force,invite,teach,advise,tryone'sbest等(2)在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(observe,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。(3)在“Whynot+动词原形?”“hadbetter(not)+动词原形”“Let's+动词原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。Whynotgooutforawalk?为什么不出去散步呢?You'dbettergobybus.你最好乘公共汽车去。【巧学妙记】后跟todo作宾语的动词(短语)：①想要,拒绝,忘记(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)②需要,努力,学习(need,try,learn)③喜欢,同意,帮助(like,agree,help)④希望,决定,开始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)4.既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式的动词(1)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有：like,love,hate,begin,start等。Doyoulikeplaying/toplayfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗?(2)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语)有：forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做)stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做(其他)某事needdoingsth.需要做某事(被动含义)needtodosth.需要去做某事(主动含义)trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算做某事goontodosth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来所做的事regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到后悔(已做)HestoppedwatchingTVandbegantoreadEnglish.他停止看电视,开始读英语。HewatchedTVforanhour.At8:00hestoppedtodohishomework.他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。(3)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的宾语)”结构。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。考点二动名词1.动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质又有名词的性质。2.动名词的用法功能用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.玩太多电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。功能用法例句作宾语动名词作宾语表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作Mysisterlikesdancingverymuch.我妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。动名词作介词的宾语I'mlookingforwardtogoinghome.我期待回家。作表语多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化为作主语Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任务是擦窗户。作定语位于所修饰词之前,只表明所修饰词的用途等MymotherboughtawashingmachinelastSunday.我妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。3.后接动名词作宾语的词及短语(1)常接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy,finish,consider,miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,avoid,prefer,need/require/want等(2)常接动名词作宾语的短语有：bebusy,feellike,giveup,can'thelp,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,can'tstop,keep/stop…from,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun,havedifficulty/problem/trouble(in)等【巧学妙记】后接动名词作宾语的词(短语)：①完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)②继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)③考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)④喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)考点三分词1.构成(1)现在分词：v.-ing形式,表示动作正在发生,表主动意义。(2)过去分词：v.-ed,表示动作已经完成,含有被动意义。2.用法功能用法例句作定语①单个分词作定语常位于所修饰的词前②分词短语作定语常位于所修饰的词后Thesoldierrushedintotheburninghouse.那个士兵冲进了着火的房子。DoyouknowtheboycalledYangLin?你认识那个叫杨林的男孩吗?功能用法例句作状语现在分词作伴随状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。作表语①现在分词表示主语的性质、特征等②过去分词表示某种状态Thebookisveryinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。功能用法例句作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语时,常用于感官动词和使役动词后①宾语与宾补之间为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词②宾语与宾补之间为被动关系或表示动作已经完成用过去分词Iheardagirlsinginginthenextroom.我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。Howbeautiful!Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.太美了!我想拍几张照片。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.We'lldowhatwecan(help)thesickman.2.InsomeAfricancountries,childrenaremade(do)heavywork.3.Pleasestop(smoke).It'sbadforyourhealth.4.—Whydidhisfatherbuythatphonewatchforhim?—BecausetheGPSinthewatchcanhelphimtoavoid(lose)theway.5.Shedidn'tknowwhichsweater(choose).考点过关训练语法综合演练tohelptodosmokinglosingtochoose考点过关训练语法综合演练6.It'sdangerousforpeople(answer)theirphoneswhiledrivingacar.7.(spread)Chineseculture,manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear.8.Parentsshouldtelltheirchildren(noteat)unhealthyfood.9.Asweallknow,it'simpolitetokeepothers(wait)foralongtime.10.Mycomputerdoesn'twork.Imusthaveit(repair).toanswerTospreadnottoeatwaitingrepaired考点过关训练语法综合演练11.Literaturehelpsusthinkandencouragesus(open)ourminds.12.Manyteenagerswouldrather(stay)athomealonethangooutwiththeirparentsatweekends.13.(realize)hislifelongdream,theyoungmanwenttoHollywoodbyhimself,withonlyafewdollarsinhispocket.14.Sheraisedhervoicetomakeherself(hear).15.Chineseparentstrytheirbest(provide)agoodenvironmentfortheirchildren.toopenstayTorealizeheardtoprovide