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语法互动16定语从句中考考点直击语法综合演练用来修饰名词、名词词组或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,被定语从句所修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫先行词。如:HeisthemanwhoIwanttosee.他就是我想要见的那个人。先行词关系词定语从句引导定语从句的词有关系代词who,that,which,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why。一般情况下,如果先行词是表示人的名词、名词词组或代词时,关系词应用who或that;先行词如果是表示物的名词、名词词组或代词时,关系词应用that或which。关系词有三个作用:1.引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3.在定语从句中充当某个成分。中考考点直击语法综合演练考点一关系代词的用法关系代词例句that在从句中作主语或宾语Hewrotedownthethingsthatweretalkedaboutatthemeeting.(作主语)他写下了在会议上讨论的事情。IwillneverforgetthemanthatIsawlastyear.(作宾语)我永远不会忘记我去年见到的那个人。中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)关系代词例句which在从句中作主语或宾语ThisisthenovelwhichiswritteninEnglish.(作主语)这是一本用英语写的小说。TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfromafriendofmine.(作宾语)我昨天收到的信来自我的一个朋友。中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)关系代词例句who在从句中作主语和宾语,whom在从句中作宾语Theteacherwillhelpanyonewhoisintrouble.(作主语)老师会帮助任何一个有困难的人。Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.(作主语)打破玻璃的人必须要赔偿。Thegirlwho/whomyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.(作宾语)你上周见到的那个女孩已经离开小镇了。ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(作宾语)刚才和你交谈的那个人是李先生。中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)关系代词例句whose意为“谁的”,是一个属格词。当先行词是人时,whose相当于“ofwhom”;当先行词是物时,whose相当于“ofwhich”Heistheonlystudentinourclasswhosefatherisapoliceman.=Heistheonlystudentinourclass,thefatherofwhomisapoliceman.他是我们班唯一一个父亲是警察的学生。中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)关系代词例句as主要用在such,thesame后,在从句中作主语、宾语等Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.他提到的那些人是诚实的。(作主语)Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.不要看你不懂的书。(作宾语)ThisisthesamebookasIlost.这是一本跟我丢失的一样的书。(同类型但不是同一本,作宾语)中考考点直击语法综合演练[归纳]1.关系词只能用that的情况:分类例句先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)分类例句先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。(同一辆车)先行词里同时含有人或物时IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)分类例句以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用thatWhoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用thatThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上有汤姆的一本书。中考考点直击语法综合演练2.关系词只能用which的情况:(1)当关系词前面有介词时,指物常用which。Thecompanyinwhichheworksisbig.他工作的那家公司很大。(2)非限制性定语从句指物时,多用which。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichpleasedus.实验结果很好,这令我们十分高兴。(3)如果先行词本身是that或those时,只能用which。Thisisthatwhichheboughtyesterday.这就是他昨天买的那个(东西)。中考考点直击语法综合演练【针对训练】1.[2018·玉林]—WhogottheFirst-everFriendshipMedal(友谊勋章)ofChina?—It’sPutineverybodyknowssowellintheworld.A.whomB.whatC.whichA[解析]考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词是人,而且在逻辑上要充当从句谓语动词know的宾语应用whom。故选A。中考考点直击语法综合演练2.[2018·柳州]ThisisthemostexcitingmatchIhaveeverwatched.A.whoB.whichC.that[解析]考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是match,排除A;先行词被最高级修饰的时候,关系代词必须用that。故选C。C中考考点直击语法综合演练3.[2019·兰州改编]ThemovieIhaveseentwiceisTheWanderingEarth.A.whoB.whichC.where[解析]考查定语从句的引导词。由于先行词themovie是物,所以应用which。故选B。B中考考点直击语法综合演练4.[2019·福建]DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.whoB.whichC.whom[解析]考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰先行词,指人,且在从句中是主语,应用who。故选A。A中考考点直击语法综合演练5.—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReaders,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogrampurposeistobringthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.A.whichB.thatC.whose[解析]考查定语从句。此定语从句中,whose修饰purpose。故选C。C中考考点直击语法综合演练6.—Class,youshouldbethankfultothosepeoplehelpedandsupportedyou.—Wewill,MissChen.A.whichB.whomC.who[解析]考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词为people,且从句缺少主语,所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故选C。C中考考点直击语法综合演练考点二关系副词的用法关系副词例句when表示时间,在从句中作时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemeteachother.我不会忘记我们相遇的那一天。where表示地点,在从句中作地点状语It’stheplacewhereIwasborn.这是我出生的地方。why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,先行词是reasonThisisthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.这就是他上学迟到的原因。中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)关系副词例句关系副词与关系代词的转换:·when=介词+which如:IstillremembertheyearwhenIenteredschool.(when=inwhich)我仍然记得我进校的那一年。·where=介词+which如:Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.(where=inwhich)这是我父亲工作的工厂。中考考点直击语法综合演练(续表)关系副词例句·why=forwhich如:Thatisthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschool.(why=forwhich)那是他没来上学的原因。中考考点直击语法综合演练比较:1.ThisistheplacewhereIspendmychildhood.(表地点,在定语从句中作地点状语)Thisistheplacewhich/thatIvisitedlastsummer.(在定语从句中作visit的宾语)2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(在定语从句中作spend的宾语)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogetherinthecountry.(表时间,在宾语从句中作时间状语)中考考点直击语法综合演练3.Thereasonwhich/thathegaveisthathegotuplate.(在定语从句中作give的宾语)Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.(表原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)中考考点直击语法综合演练【针对训练】1.Ilikethecitythepeoplearereallykindandfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereC[解析]考查定语从句。分析题干可知此处定语从句修饰的名词“thecity”表示地点,所以定语从句用where来引导,where在定语从句中用作地点状语,故选C。中考考点直击语法综合演练2.That’sthereasonIdon’twanttogo.A.thatB.whichC.why3.ThedayImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.A.inwhichB.thatC.when4.Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputers.A.whenB.thatC.whichCCA