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语法互动10动词的语态中考考点直击语法综合演练英语中的谓语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子的主语为动作的发出者,被动语态表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。试比较:Tom①broke②thewindow③.(主动语态)Thewindow③wasbroken②byTom①.(被动语态)中考考点直击语法综合演练被动语态的基本结构是“be+动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例):时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done一般将来时will/be(am/is/are)+goingto+dowill/be(am/is/are)+goingto+be+done现在完成时have/hasdonehave/hasbeen+done情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be+done中考考点直击语法综合演练[注意]1.带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。如:Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.→Acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.我父亲给我买了一台电脑。中考考点直击语法综合演练2.感官动词和使役动词(hear,see,watch,notice,make,have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。如:Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursadaybytheboss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。【巧学妙记】感官动词和使役动词:一感(feel);二听(hear,listento);三让(let,make,have);四看(see,watch,lookat,notice)中考考点直击语法综合演练3.主动形式表被动意义使用情况例句look,smell,feel,taste等感官动词,用主动形式表被动意义Theclothfeelssoft.这布摸起来很软。Thecaketastesdelicious.蛋糕尝起来很美味。need/require/want+doingsth.意为“……需要……”Thedoorneedsrepairing.这门需要修理。Thewindowwantscleaning.窗户需要清洗。中考考点直击语法综合演练（续表）使用情况例句某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他,该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义Thesebookssellwell.这些书卖得很好。Theshopopenseveryday.这家店每天都营业。不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,runout等Atrafficaccidenthappenedlastnight.昨晚发生了一起交通事故。Ifyouworkhard,yourdreamwillcometrue.如果你努力,你的梦想就会实现。中考考点直击语法综合演练【针对训练】1.[2019·桂林]Asweknow,printingduringtheSuiandTangDynastiesinChina.A.inventedB.isinventedC.wasinventedC[解析]考查动词的时态与语态。printing是动作invent的承受者,所以应用被动语态;再根据句意可知是一般过去时。故选C。中考考点直击语法综合演练2.[2018·梧州改编]—Yourhometownisbeautiful,andtheairisreallyfresh.—Yes.Manytreesandflowersaroundhereeveryyear.A.willplantB.areplantedC.wasplanted[解析]考查动词的时态与语态。答语主语“Manytreesandflowers”是动作plant的承受者,所以用被动语态;再根据时间状语everyyear可知用一般现在时。故选B。B中考考点直击语法综合演练3.[2018·贵港改编]Childrenunder12yearsoldridesharingbikes.It’stoodangerous.A.shouldn’tallowtoB.shouldn’tbeallowedC.shouldn’tbeallowedtoC中考考点直击语法综合演练4.[2018·桂林]Ifyouusemobilephoneswhiledriving,youbypolice.A.arecaughtB.willcatchC.willbecaught[解析]考查动词语态。该句为if引导的条件状语从句,在条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句则用一般将来时,结合句中bypolice可知要用被动语态。故选C。C中考考点直击语法综合演练5.[2018·河池改编]Anewhigh-speedtrainrailwaystationinHechiinfiveyears.A.willbuildB.willbebuiltC.hasbuilt[解析]考查被动语态的用法。主语railwaystation与谓语动词build之间是动宾关系,故谓语动词要用被动语态。由句中的时间状语“infiveyears”可知要用一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。B中考考点直击语法综合演练6.[2019·河池改编]Lookattheflowersonbothsidesofthestreets.Theylastmonth.A.wereplantedB.areplantedC.areplanting[解析]考查动词的时态与语态。根据句中lastmonth可知是一般过去时,flowers是被种植,用被动语态。故选A。A