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题型五阅读理解题型解法指导选择型阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读短文,获取其中的主要信息,然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。常见的考查方式有以下四种:1.细节理解题这类题目的答案一般都能在文章中直接找到,做题前,可以先浏览一下题目,然后带着问题快速阅读,找出能解决问题的有关信息。但是一定要注意捕捉准确的信息,进行理解分析,去伪存真,否则会陷入题目设下的“陷阱”,受其迷惑而误选干扰项。2.主旨大意题主旨大意题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、目的、文章的语气等。我们在做题时一定要注意首句和尾句,因为它们往往是文章的主题句。题型解法指导3.推理判断题在做推理判断题时,必须从原文中找到推断的依据。这类题要求考生摆脱字面理解的局限,透过文章的字里行间,对作者的话进行推理判断,领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵或哲理,体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音,从而获得对文章的深层理解。4.词义猜测题解答这类题目时,必须认真阅读文章,通过上下文的联系,结合已有的知识猜测其在具体语境中的含义,下面介绍一些猜词的技巧:(1)通过因果关系猜词;(2)通过同义词和反义词关系猜词;(3)通过构词法猜词;(4)通过定义或释义来推测词义;(5)通过句法功能来推测词义;(6)通过描述猜词。题型解法指导典例(2018·安徽)Wouldyouliketoliveinacitywherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarswillfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?Althoughitmightsoundalittlefarfromyou,livingina“smart”citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcenturies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.OnesuchplaceisthecityofSongdo.Everyhometherewillhavea“telepresence”system(远程遥控系统)—allowinguserstocontroltheheatingandlocks,takepartinvideomeetings,andreceiveeducation,healthcareandgovernmentservices.Aroundthecity,escalators(自动扶梯)willonlymovewhensomeoneisonthem,andofficesandschoolswillallbeconnectedtothesystem.题型解法指导ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.Infact,technologycompaniesaroundtheworldsuchasIBM,SiemensandMicrosoftarealreadyinthebusiness.About75%oftheworld’spopulationwillliveincitiesby2050,socitieswillneedtobemoremoderntodealwiththecomingproblems.“Makingcitiessmarterisonewayout,andIthinkthiswillinturnmakecitiesgreener,”saidDanHill,headofaresearchcompany.题型解法指导1.Accordingtothetext,livingina“smart”city.A.isnotagreenwayB.willbefarfromyouC.willsoonbecometrueD.iscompletelyimpossible2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Acityofthefuture.B.AmeetinginSongdo.C.Aplantobuildahouse.D.Areportonpublichealth.题型解法指导3.WhichcompanyoffersthegreatmindtobuildSongdo?A.Cisco.B.IBM.C.Siemens.D.Microsoft.4.DanHillthinksthatmakingcitiessmarterisonewayto.A.drivepeopleoutofcitiesB.controltheworld’spopulationC.develophisowncompanyD.solvethecities’comingproblems5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FutureEducationB.SmartCitiesC.GovernmentServicesD.FamousCompanies题型解法指导答案与解析【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。一切都具有“智能化”的新型城市在不久的未来就会变成现实。人们使用远程遥控系统控制各种各样的机器为自己服务,其结果是人们生活更方便,城市更环保。1.C细节理解题。从第一段中的“livingina‘smart’citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink”可知,生活在“智能化”的城市远比你想象的要来得快。也就是说,这种“智能化”的城市不久就会变成现实。故选C项。2.A段落大意题。阅读第二段可知,本段谈论了在未来的Songdo城市,每家每户都有远程遥控系统控制着机器进行运转,教育、卫生健康、政府服务都会纳入该系统。由此可知,本段主要谈论的是未来的城市。故选A项。题型解法指导3.A细节理解题。从第三段中的“ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.”可知,建立未来城市Songdo的构想是由Cisco公司提出的。故选A项。4.D推理判断题。从最后一段DanHill的话可知,DanHill认为,使得城市变得更加智能化是一种出路,这样可以渐渐使得城市变得更环保。也就是说,智能化的城市肯定能解决当今的各种问题(如污染)从而使得城市更环保。故选D项。5.B主旨大意题。阅读本文可知,文章谈论的就是未来的“智能化”的城市。故选B项。题型解法指导素养训练提高【1】(2018·安徽)It’sacold,greySundayafternooninMarch.TheBritishareallworkingintheirgardens.They’redigging,cuttingleavesandplantingnewseeds(种子).Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.TheBritishlovetheirgardens.ABritishnewspaperrecentlyaskedpeoplefortheiropinionsaboutthem.Around70%ofthepeoplefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden,andover50%ofthesedescribedgardeningasthemostenjoyablethingtheyeverdid.OnlyoneintenhousesinBritaindonothaveagarden.Peoplewholiveinhouseswithoutgardensoftenrent(租用)landfromthegovernment.题型解法指导Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanstillseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,however,gardeningbecameahobby.Peopleboughtdifferentkindsofseedsandplantsfortheirgardens.Althoughroses,sunflowersandtomatoesareoftengrowninBritishgardens,theyoriginally(起初)grewwildinothercountries.Everyyear,therearecompetitionsforthelargestvegetables,butdon’texpecttowin:Britain’sbiggestcarrotisalmostsixmetreslong.题型解法指导1.Insummer,BritishgardensareoftenB.A.fullofpeoplediggingthereB.colorfulwithdifferentplantsC.toohotforpeopletoworkthereD.coveredwithgreyleavesandplants2.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAoftheBritishfeltitimportanttodosomegardening.A.around70%B.over50%C.only20%D.about10%题型解法指导3.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatD.A.seedswereprovidedforfreeB.roseswerefirstgrowninBritainC.gardeningisahobbyintheworldD.theownerofChatsworthHousewasrich4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedsentence?BA.Itiseasytogrowbigvegetables.B.Itishardtowinthecompetition.C.Thecarrotismucheasiertogrow.D.Thecarrotishisfavoritevegetable.题型解法指导【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在英国人们都喜欢在自己家设置一块地用作花园种植各种各样的植物与蔬菜的历史和文化。1.B细节理解题。由第一段中的“Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.”可知,夏天英国人的花园被不同的植物点缀得五颜六色。故选B项。2.A细节理解题。从第二段中的“Around70%ofthepeoplefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden”可知,大约70%的人认为在花园里花些时间很重要。故选A项。3.D推理判断题。从第四段中的“Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanstillseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.”可知,当初,仅仅只有非常富有的人才拥有花园。你能看见年岁久远的房子周围都有花园,比如查茨沃斯庄园或者霍华德城堡。由此推知查茨沃斯庄园的主人肯定很富有。故选D项。题型解法指导4.B推理判断题。从最后一段描述可知,每年在英国都有最大蔬菜的比赛,但人们并不期望能胜出,因为英国最大的萝卜都几乎有六米长。一个萝卜都有那么长,由此可知还有其他更大的蔬菜,因此要想在比赛中获胜是很难的,所以人们对是否胜出也不抱多大希望。故选B项。题型解法指导【2】(201