人教版初中英语被动语态

PassiveVoice被动语态羊祜学校孟琪(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be+及物动词的过去分词构成。一.何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.Discusion:theactivevoice主动语态&thepassivevoice被动语态1.什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？2.主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？3.主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？语态动词时态结构主动语态被动语态一般现在时一般过去时什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态WestudyEnglishatschool.Englishisstudiedbyusatschool.我们用木头做家具。那只老鼠被猫抓住了相机是用来照相的。Discusion1:theactivevoice主动语态&thepassivevoice被动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态语态动词时态结构theactivevoicethepassivevoice一般现在时一般过去时amis+p.p.arewas+p.p.werevv+sesp.t.Discusion2:theactivevoice主动语态&thepassivevoice被动语态1.Wecallthedoctor.2.Peopledon’tplayfootballhere.3.Thetruckwascleanedyesterday.Decideifthesesentencesareactiveorpassive.4.MrChenteachesusEnglish.5.Theclassroomwascleaned.activeactivepassiveactivepassiveExercise：1.Thekey______forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use2.Anewschool_______overtheretwoyearsago.A.builtB.wasbuiltC.buildD.builds3.Thelostchild______onOctober7,1998.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.foundD.find4.AtalkonChinesehistory________intheschoolhallyesterday.A.isgivenB.giveC.wasgivenD.gaveBBACbymanystudents.1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.Englishisstudied2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.bytheteacher.3.Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions.Heisaskedquestions1.主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态中的主语2.主动语态中的动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词3.主动语态中的主语如果需要放在by后面4.其他成分保持不变主动变被动解题步骤ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1897.主语谓语宾语状语ThelightbulbwasinventedbyThomasEdisonin1897主语谓语by+动作实施者状语•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词6．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词1.Theyplaybasketballintheirschool.(改为被动语态)Basketball_____________intheirschoolbythem.isplayed2.Thenaughtyboybrokethewindow.Thewindow_____________bythenaughtyboy.3.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.English_____________bypeopleallovertheworld.Exercise：wasbrokenisspokenExercise：translatethefollowingsentences1.这些照片是上星期拍的。2.这本书是鲁迅写的。3.史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。4.长江也叫扬子江。Thesephotosweretakenlastweek.ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.TheSmithswereinvitedtotheparty.TheChangjiangRiverisalsocalledtheYangtezeRiver.Summary：1.什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？2.主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？3.主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？语态动词时态结构主动语态被动语态一般现在时一般过去时被动语态:我们知道,被动语态是由be+done(动词的过去分词)构成的被动语态构成比较一般现在时主+am/is/are+done一般过去时主+was/were+done含情态动词主+情态动词+bedone一般将来时主+willbe+done现在完成时主+have/hasbeen+done过去完成时主+hadbeen+done现在进行时主+am/is/arebeing+done过去进行时主+was/werebeing+done过去将来时主+wouldbe+done说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词•1.Iwashedmyclothesonceaday.Myclotheswaswashed(byme)onceaday.Iwaswashedmyclothesonceaday.X√•2.TheytookJimtothehospital.•3.Tomclosedtheshopjustnow.TheywastookJimtothehospital.Jimwastakentothehospitalbythem.TheshopclosedTomjustnow.Theshopwasclosed(byTom)justnow.XX√√2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.（2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.H既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to,变为被动,必须加to.MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomuptairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.Imustbepaidforthis.4.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义.Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan'topen.5.有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.6.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It'sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.7.据说类动词：say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.如：Itissaidthat…Thereissaidtobe…Sth./Sb.issaidto…8.主动形式表被动①感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时；②一些vi主动形式表被动含义open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.③不定式toblame,tolet（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义Youar