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命题方式考点3词义猜测考点3词义猜测1.Accordingtothepassage,theword“...”probablymeans.2.Theunderlinedword“...”means.3.Whatdoestheword“...”meaninthesecondparagraph?4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?5.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“...”suggests.6.Theword...couldbestbereplacedby.7.Theauthorusestheword...tomean.命题方式1.词(短语)义猜测题 典例1…Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.…58.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inparagraph3mostprobablyim-pliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided思路点拨词义猜测题。画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”,画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”。答案A2.指代猜测题 典例2...Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography(自传)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot....69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referto?A.Theattacks.B.Slaveryandprejudice.C.Whitemen.D.Theshows.思路点拨猜测词义题。根据该段倒数两句可知,没有理由认为马克·吐温把这些戏剧看做是代表现实的,而他频繁地抨击奴隶制和偏见表明他清醒的意识,但这些戏剧并无法取代现实。故they指代上文的theshows。答案D巩固技能练Passage1(2019江苏南京、盐城二模)Thatcompetitionkeepspricesdowniswellknown.Butitishardtomeasurebyjusthowmuch,becausepricesvaryforallsortsofreasons,fromdifferencesinlabourcostsandrentstotaxes.RisingtothechallengeisanewpaperinTheEco-nomicJournalbyGiacomoCalzolari,AndreaIchino,FrancescoManaresiandVikiNellas,economistsattheEuropeanUniversityInstitute,BolognaUniversityandtheItaliancentralbank.Theylookedatpharmacies(药房)andspecificallyatcustomerswhomaybeparticularlyeasytoripoff:newparents.Usingdatafor2007to2010coveringaboutafifthofpharmaciesinItaly,theresearchersmeasuredthewayinwhichpricesofhygieneproductsforbabieschangedasthenumberofbabiesvaried.Theytookadvantageofapeculiarlawfromthe1960s,accordingtowhichregionswithatmost7,500peopleareallowedjustonepharmacy(supposedlytokeepthequalityofserviceshigh).Theycomparedpricesinplaceswithpopulationsjustbelowthisthreshold,andjustabove.Theproductsstudiedincludedsome3,000varietiesofshampoos,bathfoams,babywipes,creamsandsoon.Manyarealsousedbyadultsonthemselves.Somepeople,forexample,prefersun-creamlabelled“forchildren”becauseofitshighlevelofprotection.Whenraisingpricesfortheseproducts,evenapharmacistwithamonopoly(垄断)mustconsidertheriskthatadultuserswillswitchtoproductsthatarenotaimedatchildren.Butariseinthenumberofbabies,andhencebuyerswhoareparents,couldtipthescalestowardspriceincreases.Bycontrast,thepharmacistshouldalreadybechargingasmuchasparentsarewillingtopayforproductswithoutadultusers,suchasnappies.Thescholarsfoundthatpharmacistsraisedpriceswhenthereweremorenewparents—butonlyinregionswithasinglepharmacy,andnotfornappies.Inmon-opolyareasadoublingofthenumberofbabiesfromonemonthtothenext(notunusualinasmallpopulation)coincidedwitha5%increaseinthepriceofthebasketofbaby-hygieneproducts.Thestudyistimely.Italy'sgovernmenthasstartedtoloosensomeofthemanyrestrictionsthatstopcompetitioninthepharmacysector(thoughnotyettheonethattheresearchersreliedon).Butsuchregulationsareplentifulinmanyotherlinesofbusiness,andnotjustinItaly.Theconsumerswhopaythepriceareoftenthosewhofindithardesttotraveltoshoparound—forexample,peoplewithcryingbabiesontheirhands.1.What'sthepurposeofthestudy?A.Toreviewthefunctionofthespeciallawforpharmacies.B.Tomakecleartherelationbetweencompetitionandprices.C.TocollecttheinformationonpharmacybusinessinItaly.D.TogatherthedataonhygieneproductsforbabiesinItaly.2.Theunderlinedphrase“tipthescales”inParagraph3means“”.A.pushthemoveB.keepthelevelC.controltheriseD.breakthebalance3.Thegovernment'snewmeasureswillgreatlybenefit.A.pharmacyownersB.localmerchantsC.newparentsD.adultusers答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。众所周知,竞争可以压低价格。一些经济学家研究了药房婴儿卫生产品的价格与婴儿数量之间的关系。研究发现,在只有一个药房的区域,新手父母增多的时候,药房就会提价。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句Thatcompetitionkeepspricesdowniswellknown.Butitishardtomeasurebyjusthowmuch,becausepricesvaryforallsortsofreasons,fromdifferencesinlabourcostsandrentstotaxes.可知,尽管人们认为竞争可以降低商品价格,但是由于各种因素的影响,很难衡量将价格降低多少;再根据本段第三句Risingtothechallengeisanewpaper...可知,此项研究就是针对竞争与价格的关系而进行的。故选B项。2.A语义猜测题。根据画线短语所在的句子Butariseinthenumberofbabies,andhencebuyerswhoareparents,couldtipthescalestowardspriceincreases.可知,婴儿数量上升,那么购买者(作为父母)会使得价格上涨。scale本意可指“天平”,tip作动词,可指“使倾斜”。tipthescales字面意思是“使天平倾斜”。根据画线短语后面的towardspriceincreases可知,此处是指推动了价格上涨。pushthemove推动进展,符合语境。keepthelevel保持水平;controltherise控制上涨;breakthebalance打破平衡,均不符合语境。故选A项。3.C推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Theylookedatpharmaciesandspecificallyatcustomerswhomaybeparticularlyeasytoripoff:newparents.可知,研究的对象是新手父母。再根据最后一段第一、二句Thestudyistimely.Italy'sgovernmenthasstartedtoloosensomeofthemanyrestrictionsthatstopco