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专题三阅读理解真题感悟名师点津随堂限时练第二节推理判断题一、细节推断题PART1真题感悟(2019·江苏，C)WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine？Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution，representedbytheInternet，hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)，withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly，thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant，butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample，afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”.Asaresult，inthelasttwentyyearsorso，manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress，goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld，manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital，labourandgoods，withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies，bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels，andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However，ourfascinationwiththelatest，andourunder-valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon，can，andhas，ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.语篇解读对于新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有的技术的认识和使用，影响对社会的认知。61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyBaslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictorpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知，对于新技术影响的误判导致了对于稀缺资源的误用，故选D。√62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.A.takepeople’sessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableInternetfacilities解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。√63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.解析细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，随着通信和交通运输技术的发展，人们认为我们生活在一个“无国界的世界”，由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则，故本题答案为B。√64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.解析推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中的“However，ourfascination...wrongdirections.”可知，我们对于最新技术的入迷，和对于已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估会将我们引向错误的方向，即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。故B项符合文意。√PART2名师点津一、题型解读细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。例如：【真题感悟】中的第62题：根据第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。PART3随堂限时练AThisweek，amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite，whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst，theycouldn’t1figureoutwhattheywereseeing.“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，”BristletellsAnnArborNews.“Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post.”Uponclose