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专题三阅读理解真题感悟名师点津随堂限时练第二节推理判断题三、写作意图题PART1真题感悟(2019·天津，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion：whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.语篇解读本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess解析推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。√52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.解析词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选D项。√53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.解析推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。√54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.解析推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。√55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。√PART2名师点津一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2.某处细节的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whydoestheauthormention...inthefirstparagraph?二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。例如：【真题感悟】中的第55题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论：我们要让自己的成年生活充满意义。PART3随堂限时练A(2019·南徐盐常四市联考)Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing，Jr.presentedhisdream，hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(令人激动的)messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize，understand，andmanageemotions.Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders，policymakers，andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions，theargumentgoes，we’llhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors，we’llhavemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.N