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专题十一情态动词一、情态动词的类型1.只作情态动词的有:must,can/could,may/might2.既可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need3.既可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will/would,shall/should4.具有情态动词某些特征的有:haveto,hadbetter,usedto,beableto考点突破二、情态动词的特征1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语。2.无人称和数的变化(haveto例外,主语为第三人称单数时用hasto)。如:Wemuststayhere.我们必须待在这里。Hehastowalkhome.他不得不步行回家。3.后接动词原形。如:HecanspeakJapanese.他会说日语。4.具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及简明答语。如:—Canwegohomenow,please?——现在我们可以回家了吗?—No,youcan't.——不,不可以。三、情态动词的用法(一)can和could的用法1.表示能力,意为“能,会”。如:Canyouplaybasketball?你会打篮球吗?2.表示推测时,常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:Itcan'tbeNick's.它不可能是尼克的。3.表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。如:Youcan/maygonow.你现在可以走了。注意:以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can't。4.could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力;could也可在疑问句中表示委婉地提出请求。如:IcouldsingEnglishsongswhenIwasfouryearsold.我四岁的时候就会唱英文歌曲。(二)may的用法1.表示推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中。如:Hemaycometomorrow.他明天可能会来。2.表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。如:MayIcomein?我可以进来吗?注意:may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn't或can't,不用maynot。3.表示祝愿。如:Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!注意:can和may均可用来表示征求意见或请求许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。(三)must的用法1.表示说话人的主观语气,意为“必须”。2.表示推测,意为“一定”,一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中表推测时一般应用can,否定句中也用may,但maynot表示“可能不”,而can't表示“不可能”。在否定句中,mustn't表示“禁止”,意为“千万不要”。以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must;而否定回答则常用needn't,意为“不需要,不必”,相当于don'thaveto,而不能用mustn't。如:—There'ssomeoneknockingonthedoor.——有人在敲门。—ItmustbeJim.——肯定是吉姆。—MustIgohomenow?——我现在必须回家吗?—No,youneedn't.——不,不必。(四)对need词性的判断need后加todo说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或否定;若need后加动词原形,则need为情态动词,用need提问或否定。如:Youneedn'tcometoschoolsoearly.你不必这么早来学校。Youdon'tneedtoleavenow.你不必现在就走。(五)hadbetter的用法hadbetterdosth.表示“最好做某事”,否定式用:hadbetternotdosth.。如:You'dbetterstayathome.你最好待在家里。(六)shall/should和will/would的用法1.shall用于第一人称,表示征求意见、询问。如:ShallIopenthewindow?要我开窗吗?Shallwesay6o'clock,then?那么,我们就定在6点钟好吗?2.should常用来表示义务、责任。如:Weshouldobeythetrafficrules.我们应该遵守交通规则。3.will用于第二人称,表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的意愿。如:Willyoupassmethatbook?你能把那本书递给我吗?4.would用来表示客气地请求别人做某事。如:Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?你能告诉我去车站的路吗?四、几组情态动词的辨析1.can/could和beableto的区别词语用法例句can/could只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)Jimcouldn'tspeakChineselastyear,butnowhecan.吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。beableto可用于多种时态Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.我们下周能回来。2.can和may表可能的区别(1)在肯定句中,用may表示可能。如:Youhadbetteraskthatpoliceman.Hemayknow.你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。(2)在否定句中,cannot/can't和maynot的区别。词语用法例句cannot/can't语气肯定,意为“不可能”MrLican‘tbeintheroom.HehasgonetoBeijing.李先生不可能在房间里,他去北京了。maynot语气不肯定,意为“可能不”—IsJohncomingbytrain?——约翰是坐火车来吗?—Hemaynot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.——可能不是。他喜欢开他的小汽车。3.must和have/hasto的区别4.can't和mustn't的区别词语用法例句must表示主观意愿,意为“必须”Wemuststudyhardatschool.在学校我们必须努力学习。have/hasto用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”We'llhavetoaskZhangHong.我们得去问张红。词语用法例句can't表示否定推测,意为“不可能”Hecan'tbeJim.他不可能是吉姆。mustn't表示“禁止、不允许”,不能用来表推测Youmustn'tplaysoccerinthestreet.你千万别在街上踢足球。一、单句填空1.(2019河南)Jerrydidn'tpaymeback,buthepromisedthathewouldthisSunday.2.(2019北京)—Lily,canyoufinishtheletterintenminutes?—Yes,Ican.3.(2019天津)Youmustn'twalkonthewethillpathbecauseyoumightfallandhurtyourself.4.(2019湖北武汉)—Trythissoup—youwilllikeit.中考题组—Wow!Thisisdelicious!5.(2019广东)Dirtyairandwaterareharmful.Theycankillplants,andevenpeople.6.(2019安徽)Thedesignerhastriedeverypossiblewaytomaketherobotlight,soyouneedn'tworryaboutitsweight.7.(2019新疆)David,couldyoupleasesweepthefloorandtakeoutthetrash?8.(2019山东青岛)Asmiddleschoolstudents,weshouldfollowthepublicruleswhereverwego.9.(2019江苏苏州)—Somepeopledon'tshowtheirtalentsattheverybeginning.—Iagree.EvenEinsteincouldn'treaduntilhewasseven.10.(2019甘肃兰州)ThemagazinemustbeLucy's.Wecanseehernameonthecover.11.(2019四川成都)—IsthatTomoverthere?—Itcan'tbehim.HeisontheplanetoChengdunow.12.(2019浙江温州)Wedon'tallowtakingmagazinesout,butyoucancopythearticleyouneedonthemachineoverthere.13.(2018河南)—Areyougoingtothecinematonight?—Idon'tknow.ImightgoorImightstayathome.14.(2018北京)Imustgonow,orI'llmissmytrain.15.(2018天津)—MustIcomebefore6:30tomorrow?—No,youneedn't.Therewillbeplentyoftime.16.(2018广东)—YuanLongping,afamousChinesescientist,isnowdoingresearchonsearice.—Iffarmerscanstartplantingriceinsaltywater,China'sfoodsupplywillsurelyrise.17.(2018江苏苏州)Shemaybeslow,butatleastshedoesn'tmakestupidmis-takes.18.(2018湖北武汉)—Mustyougo?—Yes,I'mafraidIreallymust.19.(2017河南)—Idon'tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,youshould.You'renotaloneinthisworld.二、语篇填空(2020河南中考预测)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。anothercarrycontrolhavelifewellsousualwildtreeAnimalsareimportantinIndiancultureandsomearetreatedinaspecialway.Forexample,alotofelephantsaren't1.Theyaredomesticated(驯养).Theyaren'tkeptaspets,butasworkinganimals.Everyworkingelephant2itsownkeeper.Anelephantanditskeepermeetforthefirsttimewhentheyarebothyoung,andtheygrowuptogether.Infact,theirrelationshipcontinuesfortherestoftheelephant's3—perhaps40years.Lotsofelephantsworkintheforest,movingheavy4whentheyarecutdown.Somegiveridestotourists,or5peopleduringcele-brationsandfestivals.Keeperstakeexcellentcareoftheirelephants,feedingthem6andgivingthemabathattheendoftheworkingday.7specialanimalinIndiaisthecow.Cowsareprotectedanimals,8theyaren'tkeptonfarmsorkilledforfood,althoughpeopledousetheirmilk.SoinIn-diayoucanoftenseecowswalkingaroundtownsandcities,andnobodytries9them.Iftheysitdownin