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专题十动词的被动语态考点一一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态考点突破考点二含有情态动词的被动语态考点一一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态考点突破一、被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词二、被动语态的用法在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:ThiswatchismadeinChina.这块手表是在中国制造的。2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年都必须种更多的树。3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。4.动作的发出者不是人而是物时。如:Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。三、主动语态和被动语态的转化1.主动语态变为被动语态(1)要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引导。(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:我们让他唱了首英文歌。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:Shegavemeabook.(变为被动语态)Iwasgivenabookbyher.(间接宾语me改为主语)Abookwasgiventomebyher.(直接宾语abook改为主语)3.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。注意:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如:Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.(of不可省略)4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动句宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如:Isawsomeboysplayingfootballintheplayground.Someboyswereseenplayingfootballintheplayground.5.被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动句时,应加上动词不定式符号to。如:Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginherroomintheevening.四、主动语态表示被动意义1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:Thispenwritesverysmoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。Thissweaterwasheswell.这件毛衣很耐洗。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如:Schooluniformslookgoodonus.我们穿着校服很好看。Dinnersmellsgood.饭菜闻起来很香。3.beworthdoing是主动形式表示被动意义。如:Thisfilmisworthseeing.这部电影值得一看。4.“want/need/require+doing”相当于“want/need/require+tobedone”。如:Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理了。时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般过去时didwas/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdoneSheiswateringtheflowers.Theflowersarebeingwateredbyher.现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.五、各种时态的被动语态过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdoneShewaswritingaletterthistimeyesterday.Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyherthistimeyesterday.过去完成时had+donehad+beendoneJimhadfinishedtheworkbylastweek.TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJimbylastweek.过去将来时would/begoingto+dowould/begoingto+bedoneHesaidhewouldmakeakite.Hesaidakitewouldbemadebyhim.考点二含有情态动词的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态的构成1.肯定句式:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词。如:Hecanbefoundbyme.他会被我找到的。2.否定句式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词。如:Anythingherecan'tbetaken.这里的任何东西都不能被带走。注意:含情态动词的被动语态变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移至句首。如:CanitbedonebyLiMing?这件事可能是李明做的吗?一、单句填空1.(2019河南)—Whereisyourbookreport?Didyourdogeatitagain?—No,itwasalmostfinished(finish),andthenmycomputerjustdiedonme!2.(2019北京)MyadviceonhowtosavepaperwasacceptedbymyclasslastMonday.3.(2019天津)TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgecompleted(complete)in2018.Weareproudofit.中考题组4.(2019江苏南京)TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeamhasbroughthelpandhopetopeopleindisastersaroundtheworldsinceitwassetup18yearsago.5.(2019安徽)Thevillagersexpectthatthebuildingofthebridgewillbecom-pletedbeforetherainyseasoncomes.6.(2019江西)Ginawenttothedoctor'syesterdayandshewastold(tell)abouttheimportanceofgoodlivinghabitsoncemore.7.(2019广东)ItissaidthatoneGreaterBayAreauniversitywillbebuiltinGuangdonginthefuture.8.(2019福建)Asoneofthemostexcitingsports,volleyballwasincluded(in-clude)intheOlympicGamesin1964.9.(2019河北)Thesecakesarefilledwithchocolate.Haveone,please.10.(2019四川成都)Unluckily,NotreDamedeParis(巴黎圣母院)wasburnt(burn)thisApril.Wefeltsosadforthat.11.(2019吉林)Theenvironmentinmyhometownisimprovingbecausemanytreesareplantedeveryyear.12.(2019湖北襄阳)—Ienjoywalkingonthecleanstreetsinthemorning.—Youknowtheyarecleaned(clean)bythehard-workingcleanerseveryday.13.(2019海南)Chinaplanstosendanotherspaceshipintospace.—Wow!Moreandmoresecretswillbediscoveredsoon.14.(2019湖南长沙)—Perfectphotos!Goodskills!—Thankyou.Theyweretaken(take)bymyHuaweimobilephone.Infact,Iamnotskillfulatall.15.(2018北京)Anewinternationalairportwillbecompletedinthecitynextyear.16.(2018天津)DrBethuneisstillremembered(remember)inbothChinaandCanadatoday.17.(2018江苏南京)—Simon,doyouknowwhoinventedthekite?—Sure!ItwasinventedbyMoziover2,000yearsago.18.(2018河北)Lookatthepicture.ThetopfiveTVplaysarelistedinit.19.(2018安徽)Theweathermansaysarainshowerisexpectedthisafternooninthesouth.20.(2018广东)ManyshopsinChinawereorderedtoshutdownasanewlawagainstivory(象牙)tradecameintoeffectonJanuary1st,2018.21.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐)—Canyougotothemovieswithmetonight?—Ihavetoaskmymum.IfIamallowed,Iwillgowithyou.22.(2018辽宁沈阳)Therewillbefewerworkersinfactoriesbecausemostworkwillbedonebyrobotsinthefuture.23.(2017河南)—Whyareyouleavingyourjob?—Ican'tstanditanylonger.Iamalwaysasked(ask)toworkovertime.二、语篇填空(2020河南中考预测)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文意思通顺、完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。hardly,America,they,for,teach,hate,value,die,easy,knowledgeAmerica