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题型二任务型阅读考点一题型1.从已知文段获取短语意思,再由短语意思对应五个新的句子。常见的题材选自一些易形成多个英语俗语的词汇,如“马”,horsearound,getoffone'shighhorse;如“羊”,theblacksheep;如“象”,thewhiteelephant等。这些英语俗语本身并不常见,但由已知文段所提供的信息考生不难判断它们的意思。2.还原句子题2015—2019年河南中考任务型阅读理解大都是“句子还原”类的,难度适中,词数都在220—260之间。题型解读考点二体裁近五年河南中考任务型阅读以说明文为主,记叙文为辅。说明文记叙条理更清晰,所以上下文的联系更紧密,考生更容易有思路。此题型要求考生能理解事件发展顺序或文章的逻辑顺序以及段落句子之间的逻辑关系。各句子之间的逻辑关系通常有:并列关系、顺序关系、递进关系、转折关系、解释关系、因果关系、总分关系等。(1)并列关系并列关系指句与句之间为平等并列的关系,互不相属,共同说明一个话题。表达并列关系的常用词汇有and,atthesametime等。(2)顺序关系顺序关系指构成语段的各个句子能按事物的发展过程由先而后地按顺序排列,方法技巧不能随便改动次序。表达顺序关系的常用词汇有:first,second,third(firstly,sec-ondly,thirdly...),firstofall,and,then,afterthat,finally等。(3)递进关系递进关系也是一种固定的顺序关系。不同的是按这种关系组织起来的句群是按语义的轻重,认识的深浅由轻到重、由浅入深而排列的。常用的词汇有:aboveall,what'smore,moreover,besides,inaddition等。(4)转折关系转折关系指句子与句子之间存在着意义上的转折。按这种关系组织起来的句群通常表达“对比”“对照”的意思。常用词汇有:but,however,yet,while等。(5)解释关系解释关系指后面的句子是对前面的句子的解释、引申、例证,使意思更加具体明了。常用词汇有:because,as,for,since,forexample等。(6)因果关系因果关系是一种特殊的解释关系。按因果关系组成的句群有两种排列方式:一种是从因到果;另一种是从果到因。常用词汇有:that'swhy,so,sothat,asaresult等。(7)总分关系总分关系指前面的句子作为本段或本文的中心句,统领概括,后边的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。(2019河南,D)Aproverbisashort,well-knownsayingthatexpressesacommontruthorbelief.Proverbsarefoundinmostculturesandareoftenveryold.InAmericanhistory,BenjaminFranklinwasascientist,inventorandwriteraswellasaleaderoftheAmericanRevolution.1Franklinwroteabookcalled“PoorRichard'sAlmanac”.2Someofthemarestillusedtoday,likethisone:“Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.”典例剖析Franklinisalsorememberedforotherproverbslike,“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”3HereareotherexamplesofproverbsthatAmericansuse.Thefirstonesareaboutlove.Somepeoplesay,“Allisfairinloveandwar.”Theymeanthatanythingyoudoinarelationshiporinbattleisacceptable.4Inotherwords,whenyouareinlovewithsomeone,youmayrefusetoseeanythingbadaboutthatperson.Hereisanotherpopularsayingaboutlove:“Thewaytoaman'sheartisthroughhisstomach.”Somepeoplebelievethatawomancanwinaman'sloveifshepre-pareshisfavoritefoods.“5”Thisproverbistrueinloveandwarorothersituations.Itmeansthatwhatyoudoismoreimportantthanwhatyousay.Wehavetostophere,sowemustsay,“Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.”根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Anotherproverbsays“Loveisblind.”C.Hewasalsofamousforhisproverbs.D.Thismeansthatmoneyshouldnotbewasted.E.Heincludedmanyproverbsthathehadheardorcreated.[语篇解读]本文为说明文,介绍了几个美国人常用的谚语。1.C根据本段的前一句可知,在美国历史上,本杰明·富兰克林是一名科学家、发明家、作家,也是美国革命的领袖,此处表示“他也因他的谚语而著名”,故选C项。2.E根据下文“Someofthemarestillusedtoday”可知,他的书里包括了许多他听过的或创造的谚语,故选E项。3.D根据上文“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”可知此处应该选择“这意味着钱不应该被浪费”,故选D项。4.B空格处下一句意为“换句话说,当你爱上某人的时候,你可能会拒绝去看有关那个人的一切不好的事情。”,由此可知爱情是盲目的,故选B项。5.A本段最后一句意为“这意味着你做的比说的更重要。”,由此可知应该选择A项(行动胜于雄辩)。A组河南中考题组Passage1(2018河南,D)DearLinda,1AsItoldyouyesterday,IaminRometoday.TomorrowwearegettingthetraindownintothesouthofthecountryandthentheshipacrosstoGreece.2WestartedinEnglandandwespenttwodaysinLondonandanotherdayinCanter-题组训练bury.Wesawalotofgreathistoryandtheonlybadthingwastheweather—itrainedforthewholetimewewerethere.Canyoubelieveit?3Well,IhavetosayIprefertheAmericanDisneyland.ButwemetsomenicepeoplefromCanadaandspenttwogreatdayswiththem.Oneofthem,Clive,isgoingtoyouruniversitynextyear.How'sthatforacoincidence(巧合)!4Afterthat,wewentsouthintoSwitzerland.Itwasveryexpensiveandwecouldn'tstayaslongaswewantedto,sothat'swhywe'reinItalynow!5Seeyousoon.Mike根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。A.OK,that'senoughfrommefornow.Iwanttopostthisletternowsoyoucangetitbytheweekend.B.Ican'twaittoarriveinAthenstoseeallthathistory.Letmetellyousomethingaboutwherewehavevisitedsofar.Iknowyouwanttocomehereonvacationtoooneday!C.CliveandhiswifeleftusoncewegottoGermanybytrain.TheywentupintoDenmarkbutwecontinuedtoMunich.Wow—whatagreatcity!Iboughtyouasurprisegiftthere.Ihopeyoulikeit.D.AtleastwhenwegottoParis,thesunwasshining!Weonlystayedforoneafter-noonintheFrenchcapitalbecausemyfriendsreallywantedtovisitEuroDisneywhichistotheeastofParis.E.Howarethingswithyou?Itwasgreattalkingtoyouyesterdaybyphone.1.E2.B3.D4.C5.APassage2(2017河南,D)Startinghighschoolisagreatexperienceforanyteenager.Whetheryouarecomingfromamiddleschool(gradessixthrougheight)orajuniorhighschool(gradesseventhroughnine),therearemanythingsabouthighschoolthataredifferentfromyouroldschoolenvironment.1Youwillfacebeinginanewschool,makingnewfriendsinanunfamiliarclassandgettingtoknownewteachers.Thesenewteacherswillusuallyhavehigheracadem-ic(学术的)levelsthanyourmiddleandjunior-highschoolteachers.2Inreturn,theyexpectyoutoworkhardanddevelopyourskills.Ontopofallthis,peerpressure(同伴压力)todrinkandsmokeoftenincreasesinhighschool.3Althoughthereisalotofpressure,itisnothingyoucannotdealwith.Ifyouarefeelingpressuretodosomethingthatyoufeeliswrong,talktoafriend,parent,orcounselortofindasolution(解决).4Ifyouarenotsucceedingacademically,findsomeonetohelpyou.Ifyoufeellonely,trytojoinaschoolcluborgrouptomakenewfriends.5Withtime,youwillcometobethankfulforeverythingaboutyourexperi-ence.Onthepointofstartingyourhighschool,areyouready?根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使短文意思通顺、内容完整。A.Youwillexperiencemanychan