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英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果只把助动词或be动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。基本语序（naturalorder）：主语+谓语+宾语（subject+predicate+object）IloveEnglish.完全倒装(fullinversion)谓语+主语Herecametheheadmaster.部分倒装(partialinversion)助动词/情态动词+主语+动词NervewillIforgiveyou.一、完全倒装1.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。Therestoodadogbeforehim.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.例题:________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at2(1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。句式：副词＋vi＋名词主语“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语结构。Herecomestheoldlady!Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Nowcomesyourturn.如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装。如:Hereyouare.Thereshecomes.(2).表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:IncameMr.White.Upwentthearrowintotheair.Awaywenttheboy.题：There________.Andhere________.A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe3.当表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首时。句式：介词短语＋vi＋主语（必须是名词）如：Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。Inhecameandbackhewentagain.4.分词(代词)+be+主语结构。Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.题：________,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein________arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going5，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强调表语.句式：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）1)表语为介词短语AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.2)表语为形容词PresentatthemeetingwereMrWhiteandmanyotherguests.3)表语为过去分词Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词Lyingonthefloorwasaboy.Standingbesidethedeskwasateacher.二、部分倒装部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom(很少，不常）,rarely（很少，罕有）,hardly,scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）,nosooner（立即）,bynomeans（决不），notonly,innoway（决不）,atnotime,few,not,no等,句式：“否定词/词组＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋其他”。Notuntil+从句/时间状语+主句（部分倒装）。Nosoonerhadsbdonethan…；Hardly/scarcelyhadsbdonewhen…刚刚…就Notonly+分句（部分倒装）butalso+分句（不倒装）注意：①notonly置于句首②but(also)部分不倒装，1)Hardly____theairportwhentheplanetookoff.A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto2)—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?—No,_____anythinglikethatbefore.A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen3)Sheisnotfondofcooking,____I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo2.Only+状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句），位于句首,要部分倒装。Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(介词短语)OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.(副词)Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(从句)注意：①在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句倒装，但从句用正常语序。②only修饰主语，不倒装。3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,前半部分倒装。Isawthefilm,sodidshe.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.1)ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand____.A.sodidCharlieB.CharliedidsoC.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso2)Soloudly_____that____hearherclearly.A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecouldC.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould4.Notonly+分句,butalso+分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。但notonly...butalso...连接主语时,不倒装。如:Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.如：___himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas5、as/though(虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句。句式：名词\形容词\副词\动词\分词+as\though+主语+其他如:AlthoughIamugly,Iamgentle.UglyasIam,Iamgentle.Thoughheisachild,hehastomakealiving.Childasheis,hehastomakealiving.注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词6.用于So/neither(nor)+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语+其他的句子表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用soitiswith…/Itisthesamewith…HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.Tomcan’tanswerthequestion.Neither/NorcanI.So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也是如此Nor/neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也不是如此So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词某人确实如此如：IhaveneverbeentoGuangzhouUniversity,neither/norhashe.我从来没有去过广州大学，他也是．7.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。（1）IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.WereIyou,Iwouldworkhard.（2)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldputoffourmeeting.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffourmeeting注意：我们可以说Wereitnot...或者Haditnotbeen...,但不可以说Weren’tit...或者hadn’titbeen...8.句首是表频率的副词及短语（often,well,manyatime,nowandagain,,onceaweek,nowandthen,everyotherday等)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.Oftenhavewemadethattest.题：Manyatime________swimmingalone.A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy9,在某些表示祝愿的句型中如：Mayyouallbehappy.LongliveChina!巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。NB前倒后不①，O，NU主倒从不倒②，2N前倒后也倒③，NM前后均不倒④。①NB代表Notonly…，butalso…引导的并列句。notonly位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：1）Notonlydidhecome，butalsohewasveryhappy．2）Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim，butalsohisGermancitizenship（wastakenaway）．②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Notuntil＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：1）OnlywhenhetoldmedidIknowit．2）NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted．Nosooner…than…，HardlyScarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如：Nosooner（Hardly）hadwereachedhomethan（when）itbegantorain．