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专题（十一）简单句考点一陈述句1.陈述句的五种基本句型结构例句主语+系动词+表语MynameisTom.我叫汤姆。Helooksgood.他看上去气色不错。主语+不及物动词Itisraining.正在下雨。主语+及物动词+宾语HewatchedTVyesterday.他昨天看电视了。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Hegaveheralovelydoll.他送给她一个可爱的洋娃娃。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Hemadethecomputerworkagain.他让计算机重新运行起来了。2.陈述句的否定形式（1）主语+be动词+not+其他.（2）主语+情态动词/助动词+not+动词原形+其他.Ididn'tgetupatsixo'clockthismorning.今天早上六点我没有起床。（3）可以用no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,neither…nor…,none,nothing等词构成否定句。Ihardlybelievehisstory.我几乎不相信他的故事。（4）在宾语从句中,若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时,主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,从句的否定词要转移到主句。（5）“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含义。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她年龄太小,还不能去上学。考点二疑问句疑问句是用来提出问题的,按所提出的问题的不同,可分为以下4种:1.一般疑问句句型例句Be+主语+其他?—Areyouastudent?你是一名学生吗?—Yes,Iam.是的,我是。助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?—Doyoulikedancing?你喜欢跳舞吗?—No,Idon't.不,我不喜欢。情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?—Canyouplaybasketball?你会打篮球吗?—Yes,Ican.是的,我会。答语:肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。2.特殊疑问句结构疑问词+动词+其他?Whostolemycar?谁偷了我的车?疑问词+be+主语（+其他）?Whatisyourfather?你爸爸是干什么的?疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?Howdoyougotoschool?你怎么去上学?疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?WhatcanIdoforyou?我能为你做什么?疑问词疑问代词what,who,which,whose,whom疑问副词when,where,why,how疑问词组howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howold…3.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的选项,要求对方选择其一的问句称为选择疑问句。选项之间用or连接,回答不用yes或者no,而需要用具体的选择来作答。选择疑问句可以分为以下两种:种类结构例句一般选择疑问句一般疑问句+or+另一选项?—AreyoufromShanghaiorSuzhou?你来自上海还是苏州?—IamfromSuzhou.我来自苏州。特殊选择疑问句特殊疑问句,AorB?—Whichcolordoyoulikebetter,redorblue?你更喜欢哪一种颜色?红色还是蓝色?—Blue.蓝色。/Neither.Ilikeorangebest.都不喜欢。我最喜欢橘色。4.反意疑问句（1）常用结构前肯后否前否后肯主语+be+其他,be的否定形式+主语?Sheislazy,isn'tshe?她懒,不是吗?主语+benot+其他,be的肯定形式+主语?Heisn'ttall,ishe?他不高,是吗?主语+动词+其他,助动词的否定形式+主语?Theylikeplayingbasket-ball,don'tthey?他们喜欢打篮球,不是吗?主语+助动词+not+动词原形+其他,助动词的肯定形式+主语?Hedidn'tgotoAmerica,didhe?他没去美国,是吗?（续表）前肯后否前否后肯主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他,情态动词的否定形式+主语?Weshouldgetupearly,shouldn'twe?我们应该早起,不是吗?主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他,情态动词的肯定形式+主语?Youcan'tplaythepiano,canyou?你不会弹钢琴,是吗?（2）特殊形式①当陈述句中含有表示否定意义的代词或形容词,如nothing,none,noone,nobody,neither,few,little等,或含有表示否定意义的副词never,hardly,seldom等时,附加疑问句只能用肯定形式。LindahasneverbeentoBeijing,hasshe?琳达从没去过北京,是吗?②当陈述句中有含有否定前缀或后缀（如un-,dis-,-less等）的单词时,附加疑问句要用否定形式。Helooksunhappy,doesn'the?他看上去不高兴,不是吗?③祈使句的反意疑问句有两种形式:以let's开头的,附加疑问句用shallwe;其他形式的祈使句的附加疑问句用willyou/won'tyou。Openthewindow,willyou/won'tyou?打开窗户,好吗?④陈述部分是therebe句型时,附加疑问句应用“bethere”。Thereisawalletinyourcar,isn'tthere?有一个钱包在你的车里,不是吗?⑤陈述部分的主语是this,that时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是these,those时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。Thisisafantasticfilm,isn'tit?这是一部很棒的电影,不是吗?⑥主从复合句的反意疑问句陈述部分是“I/Wethink（believe,suppose,consider）+that从句”（主语是第一人称）或者是“I'msurethat/I'mafraidthat/Ihopethat/Itseemsthat”时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语应和从句的主语和谓语一致,但需注意否定前移的现象。如果陈述部分的主语是其他人称,附加疑问句的主语和主句的主语保持一致。Idon'tthinkheisright,ishe?我认为他是不对的,是吗?Shedoesn'tknowifJimisagoodstudent,doesshe?她不知道吉姆是否是一名好学生,是吗?考点三祈使句Haveagoodholiday!（祝你）假日愉快!Becarefulwhenyouusetheknife.当你用刀子时要当心。Let'shavearest.让我们休息一下吧。You'dbetternotplayfootballonthestreet.你最好不要在街上踢足球。Noparking!禁止停车!考点四感叹句Whataninterestingstoryitis!它是一个多么有趣的故事!Whatinterestingbooksyouboughtus!你给我们买的书真有趣!Whatfineweatheritis!多么晴朗的天气呀!Howbeautifultheflowersare!这些花是多么美丽呀!Howfasthecanrun!他跑得真快!Howtimeflies!时光飞逝!考点五倒装句1.So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.与前句中的主语不是同一人;表示前句所陈述的肯定事实也适用于后者。—TomwatchedTVlastnight.汤姆昨晚看电视了。—SodidAnn.安也看了。2.Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.与前句中的主语不是同一人;表示前句所陈述的否定事实也适用于后者。—Marydidn'twatchTVlastnight.玛丽昨晚没有看电视。—Neither/NordidJim.吉姆也没看。3.So+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词.与前句中的主语是同一人,意为“的确如此”,起强调作用。—LiLeiisabraveboy.李磊是个勇敢的孩子。—Soheis.他的确如此。4.Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语.Therecomesthebus.公交车来了。5.Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词.Hereyouare.给你。连词成句A[2019·河北]1.cup,is,where,my?2.luck,wish,good,you.3.day,a,is,what,beautiful,it!对接中考专练WhereismycupWishyougoodluckWhatabeautifuldayitis4.teacher's,she,the,advice,took.5.win,I,thegame,believe,they'll.对接中考专练Shetooktheteacher'sadviceIbelievethey'llwinthegameB[2018·河北]6.it,outside,hot,is?7.ontime,to,remember,arrive.8.forlunch,we,what,do,have?9.acupof,Lucy,me,tea,brought.10.your,beautiful,are,how,kites!对接中考专练IsithotoutsideRemembertoarriveontimeWhatdowehaveforlunchLucybroughtmeacupofteaHowbeautifulyourkitesareC[2017·河北]11.birthday,is,gift,what,your?12.you,us,can,ride,give,a?13.five,inourgroup,there,students,are.14.helps,a,good,you,education,succeed.15.I,takeawalk,think,after,we,supper,should.对接中考专练WhatisyourbirthdaygiftCanyougiveusarideTherearefivestudentsinourgroupAgoodeducationhelpsyousucceedIthinkweshouldtakeawalkaftersupperD[2016·河北改编]16.picture,is,the,new,third.17.it,I,yesterday,drew.18.underthetree,some,thereare,children.19.thatman,among,lookat,them.20.popular,a,is,singer,he.对接中考专练ThethirdpictureisnewIdrewityesterday/YesterdayIdrewitTherearesomechildrenunderthetreeLookatthatmanamongthemHeisapopularsingerE[2015·河北改编]21.I,wenton,yesterday,atrip.22.it,my,was,schooltrip,first.23.we,happily,sang,ontheway.24.interestingactivities,many,therewere.25.what,we,a,wonderful,time,had!对接中考专练Iwentonatripyesterday/YesterdayIwentonatripItwasmyfirstschooltripWesanghappilyontheway/OnthewaywesanghappilyThereweremanyinterestingactivitiesWhatawonderfultimewehadF[2014·河北改编]26.night,did,last,rain,it?27.your,what,is,shirt,size?28.gift,him,birthday,gave,a,I.29.flowers,what,are,beau