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八大著名IT企业云计算策略（英文版）云计算的梦想开始照进现实。从预测未来IT的八大趋势到云计算的企业意义，都在说明云计算离我们越来越近。如同内容管理、知识管理一样，云计算已经有了比较成熟的概念，但是在很多人看来这个概念还是像“云”一样在天空飘着，没有落地，是白云还是乌云，是晴天还是下雨，都还言之过早。不过在美国，关于云计算的讨论和论坛很多，美国的很多机构和组织经常随时组织概念、技术的交流和探讨(这点值得咱们中国学习），讨论来讨论去，关于云计算还是有一些争议，至少还很难给云计算一个准确的定义。不过，大家都认为：Amazon的web服务，谷歌的应用和Salesforce的CRM，这些都是以云计算为核心的企业2.0的代表。对于一个企业IT部门应该更多地了解云计算，因为企业具有云计算的很多前提条件，比如集中的网络、数据中心等等。在这里，笔者向大家介绍“八大著名IT企业云计算策略”，其目的就是希望国内的同行可以借鉴和参考。一方面帮助更多的企业和个人了解云计算，另一方面可以判断何时、何地地使用云计算。笔者没有把这些翻译成中文，只是觉得下面的英语很简单，很容易懂。这八家企业是：亚马孙（Amazon）、谷歌、SALESFORCE、微软、SUN、IBM、Oracle、EMC它们都是业界巨头，所以非常有代表性。1、Amazon的云计算策略Amazonmadeitsreputationasanonlinebookstoreande-retailer,butitsnewestbusinessiscloudcomputing.Oneofthefirstvendorsinthisemergingmarketmorethantwoyearsago,Amazonisagoodstartingpointforanybusinesstechnologyorganizationtryingtodecidewhereandwhentoplugintothecloud.Amazon'scloudgoesbythenameAmazonWebServices(AWS),anditconsists,sofar,offourcoreservices:SimpleStorageService(S3);ElasticComputeCloud(EC2);SimpleQueuingService;and,inbetatesting,SimpleDB.Inotherwords,Amazonnowoffersstorage,computerprocessing,messagequeuing,andadatabasemanagementsystemasplug-and-playservicesthatareaccessedovertheInternet.AtremendousamountofITinfrastructureisrequiredtoprovidethoseservices--allofitinAmazondatacenters.Customerspayonlyfortheservicestheyconsume:15centspergigabyteofS3storageeachmonth,and10to80centsperhourforEC2servercapacity,dependingonconfiguration.Already,AWSrepresentsthreeofthedefiningcharacteristicsofthecloud:ITresourcesprovisionedoutsideofthecorporatedatacenter,thoseresourcesaccessedovertheInternet,andvariablecost.Amazon'sfirstcloudservicewasS3,whichprovidesunlimitedstorageofdocuments,photos,video,andotherdata.ThatwasfollowedbyEC2,pay-as-you-usecomputerprocessingthatletscustomerschooseamongserverconfigurations.WhyisAmazonmovingsoaggressivelyintoWebservices?Initsrisetoleadershipine-commerce,thecompanydevelopeddeeptechnicalexpertiseandinvestedheavilyinitsdatacenters.Nowit'sleveragingthoseassetsbyopeningthemtoothercompanies,atatimewhenmanyCIOsarelookingforalternativestopumpingmoremoneyintotheirownITinfrastructures.Whatalotofpeopledon'tunderstandisthatAmazonisatheartatechnologycompany--notabooksellerorevenaretailer,saysAdamSelipsky,VPofproductmanagementanddeveloperrelationsforAWS.SelipskyiswooingdeveloperstoAWSDevelopers--definedasanyone,fromindividualstothelargestcompanies,whosignsupforAWS--areglommingontoAmazon'sinfrastructuretodevelopanddeliverapplicationsandcapacitywithouthavingtodeployon-premisessoftwareandservers.Morethan370,000developersareonboard.AmazonWebServicesweren'taimedinitiallyatbigbusinesses,butenterprisesaretappinginforthesamereasonsthatattractsmallandmidsizebusinesses--lowup-frontcosts,scalabilityupanddown,andITresourceflexibility.Tobettersupportlargeaccounts,Amazonbeganofferinground-the-clockphonesupportandenterprise-classservice-levelagreementsafewmonthsago.Forinstance,ifS3availabilityfallsbelow99.9%inamonth,customersareentitledtoatleasta10%credit.Amazonisn'tfoolproof--itsconsumer-facingWebsiterecentlysufferedaseriesofoutagesandslowdowns.Amazonhasn'tmorphedintoasoftware-as-a-servicevendor,butstartupsandothersoftwaredevelopersareusingAWStooffertheirownflavorsofSaaS.TheyincludeVertica,whichsellsS3-baseddatawarehouses,andSoniafbuildingnewdatacentersinIowa,Oregon,NorthCarolina,andSouthCarolina,atanaveragecostofabout$600millioneach.2、GOOGLE的云计算策略GooglebuiltasuperchargedbusinessmodelaroundsearchingtheInternet.Nowit'sopeningitscloudtobusinessesintheformofapplicationhosting,enterprisesearch,andmore.InApril,GoogleintroducedGoogleAppEngine,aservicethatletsdeveloperswritePython-basedapplicationsandhostthemonGoogleinfrastructureatnocostwithupto500MBofstorage.Beyondthat,Googlecharges10to12centsperCPUcorehourand15to18centspergigabyteofstorage.Thismonth,Googledisclosedplanstoofferhostedenterprisesearchthatcanbecustomizedforbusinesses.YetGoogle,likeAmazon,hasdemonstratedtherisksofcloudcomputing.GoogleAppEnginelastweekwascrippledforseveralhours.Googleblamedtheoutageonadatabaseserverbug.Forendusers,there'sGoogleApps--Web-baseddocuments,spreadsheets,andotherproductivityapplications.GoogleAppsarefreeor$50peruserannuallyforapremiumedition.Microsoft'sPC-basedOffice2007suite,bycomparison,costsupto$500peruser.MorethanhalfamillionorganizationshavesignedupforGoogleApps--includingGeneralElectricandProcter&Gamble--andtherearenowsome10millionGoogleAppsusers.Butkeepthatinperspective:Themajorityofthoseusersareconsumers,collegestudents,andemployeesofsmallbusinesses,notthecorporatecrowd.GoogleseniorproductmanagerRajenShethacknowledgesthatGoogle'sappsaren'tintendedtoreplacebusinesstoolslikeOffice.Googlehastakenstepstomakeitsapplications,originallyaimedatconsumers,moreattractivetoITdepartments.Lastyear,thecompanyacquiredPostini,whosehostede-mailsecurityandcompliancesoftwareisnowpartofGoogleApps,andinAprilitpartneredwithSalesforce.comtointegrateSalesforceCRMandGoogleApps,includingapremiumpackagethatcomeswithphonesupportandthird-partysoftwarefor$10perusereachmonth.Googleisalsoadjusting