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专题(十)非谓语动词考点一动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形;否定形式为:notto+动词原形。2.动词不定式的用法功能用法例句作主语常用it作形式主语,而将不定式后置。常用句型:Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.;Ittakessb.+时间段+todosth.Toswimherealoneisverydangerous.=It'sverydangeroustoswimherealone.独自在这儿游泳很危险。作表语常位于be动词后Myjobtodayistocleantheroom.我今天的工作是打扫房间。作宾语一般只作某些动词的宾语IdecidedtogoonatriptoDali.我决定去大理旅游。(续表)功能用法例句作宾语补足语在使役动词make,let,have和感官动词hear,see,watch等后面,省略toMissLimadeusdoExerciseOne.李老师让我们做练习一。作定语常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语Doyouhaveanythingtodo?你有要做的事吗?作状语一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语Igetupearlyeverymorningtocatchtheearlybus.我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班车。(续表)功能用法例句与疑问词构成不定式短语“疑问词what,how,who,which,when…+todo”在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等Shereallydidn'tknowwhattodonext.她真的不知道下一步该怎么办。3.动词不定式考点归纳(1)后跟不定式作宾语或宾补的动词(短语):afford,begin/start,choose,decide,try,hope/wish,expect,agree,promise,happen,refuse,learn,seem,volunteer,fail,(would)like/love,want,ask,tell,allow,warn,encourage,force,invite,teach,advise,tryone'sbest等(2)在使役动词和一些感官动词后用不定式作宾补,这时要省略to。这些词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(observe,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时,to要还原。(3)在“Whynot+动词原形?”“hadbetter(not)+动词原形”“Let's+动词原形”这三个结构中,动词不定式要省略to。Whynotgooutforawalk?为什么不出去散步呢?You'dbettergobybus.你最好乘公共汽车去。【巧学妙记】后跟todo作宾语的动词(短语):①想要,拒绝,忘记(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)②需要,努力,学习(need,try,learn)③喜欢,同意,帮助(like,agree,help)④希望,决定,开始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)4.既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式的动词(1)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,且意义差别不大的动词有:like,love,hate,begin,start等。Doyoulikeplaying/toplayfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗?(2)既能接动词不定式又能接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义差别很大的动词(短语)有:forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做)stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做(其他)某事needdoingsth.需要做某事(被动含义)needtodosth.需要去做某事(主动含义)trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算做某事goontodosth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来所做的事regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到后悔(已做)HestoppedwatchingTVandbegantoreadEnglish.他停止看电视,开始读英语。HewatchedTVforanhour.At8:00hestoppedtodohishomework.他看了一个小时的电视。八点钟他停下(看电视)去做作业。(3)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词或名词后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式(真正的宾语)”结构。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。考点二动名词1.动名词的构成:动词原形+-ing,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质又有名词的性质。2.动名词的用法功能用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.玩太多电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。作宾语动名词作宾语表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作Mysisterlikesdancingverymuch.我妹妹非常喜欢跳舞。动名词作介词的宾语I'mlookingforwardtogoinghome.我期待回家。(续表)功能用法例句作表语多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化为作主语Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任务是擦窗户。作定语位于所修饰词之前,只表明所修饰词的用途等MymotherboughtawashingmachinelastSunday.我妈妈上周日买了一台洗衣机。3.后接动名词作宾语的词及短语(1)常接动名词作宾语的动词有:enjoy,finish,consider,miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,avoid,prefer,need/require/want等(2)常接动名词作宾语的短语有:bebusy,feellike,giveup,can'thelp,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,can'tstop,keep/stop…from,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun,havedifficulty/problem/trouble(in)等【巧学妙记】后接动名词作宾语的词(短语):①完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)②继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)③考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)④喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)考点三分词1.构成(1)现在分词:v.-ing形式,表示动作正在发生,表主动意义。(2)过去分词:v.-ed,表示动作已经完成,含有被动意义。2.用法功能用法例句作定语①单个分词作定语常位于所修饰的词前②分词短语作定语常位于所修饰的词后Thesoldierrushedintotheburninghouse.那个士兵冲进了着火的房子。DoyouknowtheboycalledYangLin?你认识那个叫杨林的男孩吗?作状语现在分词作伴随状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。(续表)功能用法例句作表语①现在分词表示主语的性质、特征等②过去分词表示某种状态Thebookisveryinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语时,常用于感官动词和使役动词后①宾语与宾补之间为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词②宾语与宾补之间为被动关系或表示动作已经完成用过去分词Iheardagirlsinginginthenextroom.我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。Howbeautiful!Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.太美了!我想拍几张照片。对接中考专练语法综合演练1.[2019·包头]—Whywereyouangrywithyourdaughter?—Shewasbusyandtakingselfies(自拍)whenIwastalkingtoher.A.textingB.totextC.textD.texted2.[2018·包头]Asweallknow,apersonlearnsmanythingsbymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correctingAD对接中考专练语法综合演练3.[2017·包头]—Whydidyoubuysomanyflowers?—mywife.Ididsomethingwrongyesterday.Sheisstillangrywithme.A.PleaseB.TopleaseC.PleasingD.Bepleased[答案]B[解析]考查非谓语动词。动词不定式表目的。故选B。对接中考专练语法综合演练4.[2014·包头]Ifthere'salotofwork,I'dliketokeeponuntilitisfinished.A.doB.todoC.doneD.doing[答案]B[解析]考查非谓语动词。该题中,动词不定式作后置定语,There'salotofworktodo.意为“有很多要做的工作。”故选B。对接中考专练语法综合演练5.[2019·包头一模]WhenyouspeakEnglish,youmayoftenforgetwords.Itfeelsliketoeatsoupwithafork.A.tryingB.totryC.triedD.willtryA对接中考专练语法综合演练6.[2019·青山二模]—Willyoucometothenetbarwithme?—Sorry.Myparentsalwaystellmethere.A.notgoB.nottogoC.notgotoD.nottogoto7.[2018·包头一模]TheideaoffreebikesthatbeganinPolandisdoingwhatitcan.A.controlpollutionB.tocontrolpollutionC.controllingpollutionD.controlledpollutionBB对接中考专练语法综合演练8.[2018·青山二模]Takeeverythinglifethrowsatyouasachance________yourself.Whateverhappens,sticktoyourhope.A.improveB.improvingC.toimproveD.toimproving9.[2017·东河一模]Goodmorning!Howniceitisallofyouinmyclassthisyear.I'dliketoknoweachofyou.Iamsurewewillenjoyworkingtogether.A.havingB.tohaveC.hadD.havehadCB对接中考专练语法综合演练10.[2017·昆区一模]—Whydidyouhaveyourclothes?—Iplayedwithmysmartphoneforabout5hours;myhands.A.washed;hurtedB.wash;hurtC.washed;hurtD.washing;werehurtC