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ANSI/IEEEC37.97-1979AnAmericanNationalStandardIEEEGuideforProtectiveRelayApplicationstoPowerSystemBusesSponsorPowerSystemsRelayingCommitteeoftheIEEEPowerEngineeringSocietySecretariatInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,IncNationalElectricalManufacturersAssociationApprovedSeptember8,1977ReaffirmedMarch22,1984ReaffirmedDecember6,1990IEEEStandardsBoardApprovedFebruary15,1979ReaffirmedJune30,1986ApprovedApril9,1990AmericanNationalStandardsInstitutePublishedbyTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc345East47thStreet,NewYork,NY10017AmericanNationalStandardAnAmericanNationalStandardimpliesaconsensusofthosesubstantiallyconcernedwithitsscopeandprovisions.AnAmericanNationalStandardisintendedasaguidetoaidthemanufacturer,theconsumer,andthegeneralpublic.TheexistenceofanAmericanNationalStandarddoesnotinanyrespectprecludeanyone,whetherhehasapprovedthestandardornot,frommanufacturing,marketing,purchasing,orusingproducts,processes,orproceduresnotconformingtothestandard.AmericanNationalStandardsaresubjecttoperiodicreviewandusersarecautionedtoobtainthelatesteditions.CAUTIONNOTICE:ThisAmericanNationalStandardmayberevisedorwithdrawnatanytime.TheproceduresoftheAmericanNationalStandardsInstituterequirethatactionbetakentoreaffirm,revise.orwithdrawthisstandardnolaterthanfiveyearsfromthedateofpublication.PurchasersofAmericanNationalStandardsmayreceivecurrentinformationonallstandardsbycallingorwritingtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.©Copyright1979byTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,IncNopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedinanyform,inanelectronicretrievalsystemorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.iiiForeword(ThisForewordisnotapartofANSI/IEEEC37.97-1979,GuideforProtectiveRelayApplicationstoPowerSystemBuses.)ThispublicationwaspreparedbytheTransformerandBusProtectionSubcommitteeoftheIEEEPowerSystemRelayingCommittee.TheSubcommitteeexpressesitsgratitudetopastandpresentmembers,membersofthePowerSystemRelayingCommittee,LiaisonCommitteesandGroupswhohavecontributedtheirtimeandknowledgeinpreparingthisguide.TheStandardsCommitteeonPowerSwitchgear,C37,whichreviewedandapprovedthisstandard,hadthefollowingpersonnelatthetimeofapproval:C.L.Wagner,ChairJ.P.Lucas,SecretaryJ.E.Beehler,ViceChairW.E.Laubach,ViceChairS.H.Telander,ViceChairOrganizationRepresentedNameofRepresentativeAssociationofAmericanRailroadsVacantAssociationofIronandSteelEngineersJ.M.TillmanElectricLightandPowerGroupK.G.AdgateJ.EBeehlerR.L.Capra(Alt)H.G.DarronH.F.FrusK.D.Hendrix,R.L.Lindsey(Alt)E.E.Ramm(Alt)F.R.SolisInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineersM.J.Beachy(Alt)R.N.Bell(Alt)H.H.FahnoeR.E.FriedrichM.J.Maier,C.A.Mathews(Alt)D.C.Musgrave(Alt)G.W.WalshH.F.WhiteNationalElectricalManufacturersAssociationA.P.ColaiacoR.W.DunhamD.G.PortmanG.A.WilsonW.R.WilsonTennesseeValleyAuthorityRobertC.St.ClairTestingLaboratoryGroupL.FrierE.J.HuberR.W.Seelbach(Alt)U.S.DepartmentoftheArmyRobertH.BruckU.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,BureauofReclamationEdwardM.TomsicU.S.DepartmentofDefense,DefenseCommunicationsAgencyVacantU.S.DepartmentoftheNavy,NavalFacilitiesEngineeringCommandD.M.HannemannivThepersonneloftheIEEEWorkingGroupoftheTransformerandBusProtectionSubcommitteewhodevelopedthisstandardwere:T.Niessink,ChairH.A.BuhlL.T.BurdickL.E.GoffJ.M.IntrabartolaR.E.LintonG.LokkenV.A.NoskoB.J.SchaeferD.R.VolzkaThepersonneloftheIEEETransformerandBusProtectionSubcommitteewhoreviewedandapprovedthisstandardwere:R.W.Haas,ChairD.Zollman,SecretaryF.G.BassoE.A.BaumgartnerJ.J.BonkJ.V.BonucchiL.E.GoffS.E.GrierC.H.GriffinR.E.HartJ.M.IntrabartolaB.LagemanH.B.LeeW.R.LundW.K.MorrisonT.NiessinkV.A.NoskoG.D.ParrC.M.ShusterJ.E.StephensD.R.VolzkaJ.W.WaltonJ.A.ZulaskiWhentheIEEEStandardsBoardapprovedthisstandardonSeptember8,1977,ithadthefollowingmembership:WilliamR.Kruesi,ChairIrvinN.Howell,Jr,ViceChairIvanG.Easton,SecretaryWilliamE.AndrusJeanJacquesArchambaultMarkBarberEdwardJ.CohenWarrenH.CookLouisCostrellR.L.CurtisDavidB.DobsonR.O.DuncanCharlesW.FlintJayForsterRalphI.HauserJosephL.KoepfingerIrvingKolodnyBenjaminJ.LeonThomasJ.MartinDonaldT.MichaelVossA.MooreWilliamS.MorganWilliamJ.NeiswenderRalphM.ShowersRobertA.SodermanLeonardW.Thomas,SrB.W.WhittingtonvCLAUSEPAGE1.Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................11.1PurposeandScope.....................................................................................................................................11.2FactorsWhichDeterminetheNeedandTypeofBusProtection..............................................................11.3BasicPrinciplesofBusProtectionOperation............................................................................................12.RelayInputSources............................................................................................................................................22.1GeneralBackground........................................................................