IEEE Std 37.91-2008 电力变压器继电保护导则

IEEEStdC37.91™-2008(RevisionofIEEEStdC37.91-2000)IEEEGuideforProtectingPowerTransformersIEEE3ParkAvenueNewYork,NY10016-5997,USA30May2008IEEEPowerEngineeringSocietySponsoredbythePowerSystemRelayingCommitteeC37.91TMIEEEStdC37.91™-2008(RevisionofIEEEStdC37.91-2000)IEEEGuideforProtectingPowerTransformersSponsorPowerSystemRelayingCommitteeoftheIEEEPowerEngineeringSocietyApproved31January2008IEEE-SAStandardsBoardAbstract:Thisguideisintendedtoprovideprotectionengineersandotherreaderswithguidelinesforprotectingthree-phasepowertransformersofmorethan5MVAratedcapacityandoperatingatvoltagesexceeding10kV.Insomecases,ausermayapplythetechniquesdescribedinthisguideforprotectingtransformersoflessthan5MVAratingsoroperatingatvoltageslessthan10kV.Informationtoassistprotectionengineersinapplyingproperlyrelaysandotherdevicestoprotecttransformersusedintransmissionanddistributionsystemsisprovidedinthisguide.Generalphilosophy,practicalapplications,andeconomicconsiderationsinvolvedinpowertransformerprotectionarediscussed.Emphasisisplacedonpracticalapplications.Typesoffaultsintransformersaredescribed.Technicalproblemswiththeprotectionsystems,includingthebehaviorofcurrenttransformersduringsystemfaults,arediscussed.Associatedproblems,suchasfaultclearingandreenergization,arediscussedaswell.Keywords:analysisofdissolvedgasesintransformeroil,applicationofmultifunctionrelaysfortransformerprotection,differentialprotection,failuresoftransformers,overcurrentprotection,protectionofphase-shiftingtransformers,protectionoftransformers,volts-per-hertzprotection•TheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.3ParkAvenue,NewYork,NY10016-5997,USACopyright©2008bytheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Published30May2008.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.IEEEisaregisteredtrademarkintheU.S.Patent&TrademarkOffice,ownedbytheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated.NationalElectricalSafetyCodeandNESCarebothregisteredtrademarksandservicemarksoftheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.NationalElectricalCodeandNECarebothregisteredtrademarksoftheNationalFireProtectionAssociation,Inc.PDF:ISBN978-0-7381-5388-9STD95767Print:ISBN978-0-7381-5389-6STDPD95767Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedinanyform,inanelectronicretrievalsystemorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.IEEEStandardsdocumentsaredevelopedwithintheIEEESocietiesandtheStandardsCoordinatingCommitteesoftheIEEEStandardsAssociation(IEEE-SA)StandardsBoard.TheIEEEdevelopsitsstandardsthroughaconsensusdevelopmentprocess,approvedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,whichbringstogethervolunteersrepresentingvariedviewpointsandintereststoachievethefinalproduct.VolunteersarenotnecessarilymembersoftheInstituteandservewithoutcompensation.WhiletheIEEEadministerstheprocessandestablishesrulestopromotefairnessintheconsensusdevelopmentprocess,theIEEEdoesnotindependentlyevaluate,test,orverifytheaccuracyofanyoftheinformationorthesoundnessofanyjudgmentscontainedinitsstandards.UseofanIEEEStandardiswhollyvoluntary.TheIEEEdisclaimsliabilityforanypersonalinjury,propertyorotherdamage,ofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherspecial,indirect,consequential,orcompensatory,directlyorindirectlyresultingfromthepublication,useof,orrelianceuponthis,oranyotherIEEEStandarddocument.TheIEEEdoesnotwarrantorrepresenttheaccuracyorcontentofthematerialcontainedherein,andexpresslydisclaimsanyexpressorimpliedwarranty,includinganyimpliedwarrantyofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaspecificpurpose,orthattheuseofthematerialcontainedhereinisfreefrompatentinfringement.IEEEStandardsdocumentsaresupplied“ASIS.”TheexistenceofanIEEEStandarddoesnotimplythattherearenootherwaystoproduce,test,measure,purchase,market,orprovideothergoodsandservicesrelatedtothescopeoftheIEEEStandard.Furthermore,theviewpointexpressedatthetimeastandardisapprovedandissuedissubjecttochangebroughtaboutthroughdevelopmentsinthestateoftheartandcommentsreceivedfromusersofthestandard.EveryIEEEStandardissubjectedtoreviewatleasteveryfiveyearsforrevisionorreaffirmation.Whenadocumentismorethanfiveyearsoldandhasnotbeenreaffirmed,itisreasonabletoconcludethatitscontents,althoughstillofsomevalue,donotwhollyreflectthepresentstateoftheart.UsersarecautionedtochecktodeterminethattheyhavethelatesteditionofanyIEEEStandard.Inpublishingandmakingthisdocumentavailable,theIEEEisnotsuggestingorrenderingprofessionalorotherservicesfor,oronbehalfof,anypersonorentity.NoristheIEEEundertakingtoperformanydutyowedbyanyotherpersonorentitytoanother.Anypersonutilizingthis,andanyotherIEEEStandardsdocument,shouldrelyuponhisorherindependentjudgmentintheexerciseofreasonablecareinanygivencircumstancesor,asappropriate,seektheadviceofacompetentprofessionalindeterminingtheappropriatenessofagivenIEEEstandard.Interpretations:Occasionallyquestionsmayariseregardingthemeaningofportionsofstandardsastheyrelatetospecificapplications.WhentheneedforinterpretationsisbroughttotheattentionofIEEE,theInstitutewillinitiateactiontoprepareappropriateresponses.SinceIEEEStandardsrepre